Youth Sources for your Essay

Youth Gangs: The Role of the Family


, 2013), risk-seeking tendencies (Cox, 2011; Young, et al., 2013), and impulsivity (Alleyne & Wood, 2010)

Youth Gangs: The Role of the Family


A 2008 study by the Home Office established that nearly 6% of adolescents between the ages of 10 and 19 in England and Wales belong to some form of gang. In London alone, police have reported approximately 171 "dangerous" gangs, and have found almost half of all teenage deaths in the city to be gang-related (Castella & McClatchey, 2011)

Youth Gangs: The Role of the Family


Owing to this lack of information on the nature and operations of gangs, and the effect of misrepresentation on the part of the media, we have developed this common perception that urban groups nurture attitudes and values that encourage delinquency. What is even more worrying though is that we do not stop to consider the effect of external push and pull factors that contribute to gang membership and gang involvement (Cox, 2011:1)

Youth Gangs: The Role of the Family


Studies have shown that contrary to what was reported in the past, ethnicity is not so much of an issue in the composition of the modern gang (Rizzo, 2003). Mixed results have actually been reported in this regard, with some studies showing gangs to be ethnically homogenous (Esbensen & Weerman, 2005) and others showing them to be heterogeneous (Aldridge & Medina, 2006)

Youth Gangs: The Role of the Family


Most of the girls interviewed in the Miller study reported that they had run away from their family environments and joined gangs as a way of seeking refuge from abuse (Miller, 2001). In another study, Hawkins and his colleagues showed that the lack of positive interaction between children and their parents also had a hand in the weakening of the parent-child attachment and created breeding grounds for delinquency (Hawkins, et al

Youth Gangs: The Role of the Family


The Home Office, for instance, avoids using the term "gang" in its reports, choosing instead to use the term "delinquent youth groups" (Cox, 2011:5). Other researchers refer to them as "troublesome youth groups" (Klein, et al

Youth Gangs: The Role of the Family


Miller (2001), for instance, in her analysis of factors that drive female youths to join gangs, was able to show that most gang-affiliated females have a history of domestic and sexual abuse, the latter often perpetrated by close family members. Most of the girls interviewed in the Miller study reported that they had run away from their family environments and joined gangs as a way of seeking refuge from abuse (Miller, 2001)

Youth Gangs: The Role of the Family


There is contention in the literature though that gang membership is driven by the need to fill some form of void that would, under normal circumstances, be filled by pro-social institutions such as school and family (Rizzo, 2003; Cox, 2011). The Urban Underclass Charles Murray's "underclass thesis" forms the basis of family-delinquency studies in the UK (Murray, 1996; Young, et al

Youth Gangs: The Role of the Family


S., gang membership in the UK is characterized mainly by young persons between the ages of 12 and 25 (Rizzo, 2003)

Youth Gangs: The Role of the Family


This perhaps explains the rising number of children from traditional households joining gangs. In their study on UK youth, for instance, Smith and Bradshaw (2005) found the gang involvement rates for such youth to have risen significantly between 2000 and 2005; and by 2005, one in every 5 youths involved in gang activity was from a non-traditional setting (living with both biological parents) (Smith & Bradshaw, 2005)

Youth Gangs: The Role of the Family


Recent decades have seen UK researchers shed off the "Eurogang" and attempt to come up with definitions that are better-suited to the UK context Stelfox (1998), for instance, defined a gang as any group, excluding terrorists and football hooligans, that uses violence to further criminal intentions. Based on this definition, he identified a total of 72 gangs in the country (Stelfox, 1998: 398)

Youth Gangs: The Role of the Family


Statistics show that these initiatives have largely been ineffective, particularly because in as much as they appreciate the role of the family in the youth criminality problem, they do not recognize that familial dysfunction is not a single-factor phenomenon, but an interplay of multiple factors including family structure, the entry of women into the workforce, equality rights and so on. Family Structure and Gang Involvement/Delinquency Studies have reported higher delinquency rates among children brought up in non-traditional families compared to their counterparts in traditional family settings (where both parents live with their children) (Williams, 2004; Alleyne & Wood, 2010)

Youth Gangs: The Role of the Family


Other researchers refer to them as "troublesome youth groups" (Klein, et al., 2006) or "on-road" youth (Young, et al

Transitioning Youth Foster Care Children


This research paper discusses the common trends found to improve the overall outcome of an exiting foster care child. Two thirds of high school students have no financial literacy skills (Ferrell, 2004)

TV Impact on Youth


A recent studied identified parents' time online or in front of the TV a serious threat to the well-being of children. The reason is smply -- working parents do not have much time to spend with their children and if they take time away from their kids for electronic diversions, they are taking away from an opportunity to help their kids become better people, at a point in their lives when their brains are evolving quickly (Castillo, 2013)

TV Impact on Youth


This advertising creates a society of unthinking consumers, prone to overconsumption of all goods. Compounding this is that a large percentage of advertising to which children are exposed in the media is for unhealthy food (Harris et al

Youth Leadership and Theory


We have little knowledge regarding the level to which transformational leadership behaviors are observed as successful across those with diverse cultural values. Regardless of culture, those leaders will be more successful who hold more transformational behavior compared to those who engage in less transformational behavior (Bass, 1991)

Youth Leadership and Theory


We have little knowledge regarding the level to which transformational leadership behaviors are observed as successful across those with diverse cultural values. Regardless of culture, those leaders will be more successful who hold more transformational behavior compared to those who engage in less transformational behavior (Bass, 1991)

Youth Leadership and Theory


We have little knowledge regarding the level to which transformational leadership behaviors are observed as successful across those with diverse cultural values. Regardless of culture, those leaders will be more successful who hold more transformational behavior compared to those who engage in less transformational behavior (Bass, 1991)

Youth Leadership and Theory


Due to the presence of workforce with diverse backgrounds, the top management must not only focus on executing customary procedures but also on providing wide-range of advantages to their workers as per their individual cultural requirements and desires. Two viewpoints on the influence of cultural diversity, leadership training and development have been extensively discussed in the literature (Dorfman, 1996)