air force by saying "this is a political war and it calls for discriminate killing. The best weapon…would be a knife…the worst is an airplane" (Courtwright 2005, p
Although initially the American government hoped that the southern section of Vietnam would be able to wage conflict against its northern supporters (and communist supporters in the south known as the Viet Cong), it remained dependent upon the government of the South for the knowledge of foreign culture for the duration of the conflict. Still, the government's lack of prudence in Vietnamese culture was evinced during failed initiatives such as the Strategic Hamlet Program, which began in 1961 and was a joint effort between American military forces and the government of South Vietnam to relocate the population of the latter into secure camps (Herring 1971)
Ho and his associates skillfully used Vietnamese nationalism and even xenophobia over their old and new enemies (China, France, the United States) to mobilize the masses, while American leaders thought Vietnamese Communists could be controlled by the Chinese. Americans thought that North Vietnamese leaders were Soviet puppets, but the Vietnamese skillfully used Soviet-American rivalry for their own advantage (Moss, 2010, p
Social Organization The social organization in the Vietnamese American culture is different from the mainstream culture in several ways. One is example is that Asian-American patients in mainstream mental health systems have greater premature dropout rates, shorter duration of treatment, fewer positive outcomes, and less satisfaction with care compared to White American patients (Fancher, Ton, Le Meyer, Ho, & Paternti, 2010)
It is recommended that nurses learn to respect the way that different metal illnesses are communicated by this cultural group. Yet, although a wide range of mental health problems among immigrants has been identified, the potential causal or mediating mechanisms underlying these problems remain elusive and further research still needs to be done (Hongyun & Laudingham, 2012)
Therefore this represents an area in which the cultural phenomena can greatly assist a nurse in identify the types of care needed for a Vietnamese American. Time Patience, formality, small talk, saving face, preserving harmony, giving and receiving gifts - all can spell the difference between success and failure in dealing with the Vietnamese American culture (Smith & Pham, 1996)
One example for this is the war against terrorism that is being carried out by the United States of America on certain Islamic factions in Afghanistan after the terrorist attack carried out by them on the World Trade center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2000. (Lecture 10, War) Thousands of innocent civilians were injured and many thousands suffered a traumatic death on account of these attacks
President Johnson and his advisors chose the targets from an Armed Forces' suggested list." (Humphrey, 1980, p
36) All the while during this first operation, the South Vietnamese remained unable to effectively mobilize civilians to support their cause, nor function independently, while the North Vietnamese nationalist emphasis on their own struggle, the North's perceived resistance to foreign forces during "Rolling Thunder," and its greater perceived independence from the Soviet Union by the Vietnamese themselves all rallied support to the cause. (Thies, 1980) Of course, this independence goes against the White House 'domino' theory that preached that if Vietnam were to fall under Soviet control, so would the rest of South East Asia, much along the lines of Eastern Europe
Vietnam at the time of the conflict was divided into two opposing nations, as Korea is, still, to this day. (Phan, 2002) Opposing Forces Ho Chi Minn, a communist nationalist led the North Vietnamese
Furthermore, "neither they [the Rand Corporation] nor the American officials in Saigon could stop the mistreatment" of the prisoners and defectors. (Elliot 322) She could no longer feel certain that America had her nation's interests at heart
He felt his dreams of a pure, liberated nation had been betrayed, and the new regime had fallen into "drug transactions, debauchery, and the buying and selling of power," much like the original, corrupt regime he loathed. (Tang 270) Tang settled into exile, ironically, in Paris, the city where he first became a dedicated communist in the service of Uncle Ho
But the failed pattern of diplomacy vis-a-vis Vietnam and Southeast Asia really began in 1954, when then Secretary of State John Foster Dulles was sent by President Eisenhower to negotiate the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO). When Dulles "…circumvented the provisions of the Geneva Accords" by unilaterally including Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia into the SEATO pack, Dulles was on thin ice in terms of American credibility (Moss 52)
These values include the moral responsibility to treat all men with equality regardless of race, gender, religion, place of origin, or social status. Similarly, in pursuit of national interests, the American values advocate for justice and equality based on the internationally recognized laws (Davis & Shapiro, 2003)
Already the Northern part of Vietnam had fallen victim. The French army was overpowered and sought the help of America through NATO to stop the spread of communism (Gettleman, 1995)
S. To send its military into Vietnam and side with one Diem to attack Ho who was seeking to unify Vietnam under communism (Hagopian, 2011)
army engaged itself in a battle that could have resulted in few casualties if they had not participated. The peasant watched in dismay as America supported Premier Diem, a man who clearly frustrated peace negotiations aimed at reuniting the temporary divided Vietnam (Walzer, 2006)
Use of force cannot be disguised as a form of diplomatic negotiations. "There is a grave danger associated with calling the bombing of another country anything but war," (Young, 2014, p
But he could not do so without congressional support and the participation of America's allies, particularly the British. When Eisenhower and his Secretary John Foster Dulles met Democratic and Republican senators, the latter told the President that the Senate would not approve an American military intervention without an assured cooperation of America's allies in Europe (Moss, 2010, p
Yet the war and its consequences affected foreign policy for years, and still do…the deployment to Bosnia, bombing of Serbia, and deployment to Kosovo again raised fears of "another Vietnam." (Attarian 2000, p