In the study "College students' text messaging, use of textese and literacy skills," Drouin (2011) attempts to explore the question of the extent to which using text messaging has measurably affected adolescent's literary skills. Some teachers have complained that students use text message-style spellings and expressive forms in formal research papers, while other linguists have celebrated text messaging as a useful and dynamic function of literacy and state that it can only enhance students' expressive potential (Drouin 2011:68)