Spanking Sources for your Essay

Behavioral and Long-Term Effects of Spanking Behavioral


Many pro-spanking advocates defend the use of spanking as a method of disciplining the child which is differentiated to physical abuse. Spanking is hitting the child in the bottom using hand; it is a series of smacks with an open hand in the lower extremities (bottom, feet, legs) of the child (Baumrind, Does Causally relevant research support a blanket injunction against disciplinary spanking by parents?, 2001)

Behavioral and Long-Term Effects of Spanking Behavioral


Many pro-spanking advocates defend the use of spanking as a method of disciplining the child which is differentiated to physical abuse. Spanking is hitting the child in the bottom using hand; it is a series of smacks with an open hand in the lower extremities (bottom, feet, legs) of the child (Baumrind, Does Causally relevant research support a blanket injunction against disciplinary spanking by parents?, 2001)

Behavioral and Long-Term Effects of Spanking Behavioral


Gershoff (2002) presented and examined relationship among variables that correlates to corporal punishment: compliance of the child, anti-social behavior, aggression, moral internalization, mental health and kinds of affect that children develop. Other studies showed that apart from violent behavior, children who are frequently spanked displays impatient behavior, demand immediate gratification of their wants and needs, has low tolerance for frustration and usually decide out of temper, moods and tantrums, escape or avoidance of settings, people and object related to corporal punishment (Hutchinson, 1977; Kazdin, 2001)

Behavioral and Long-Term Effects of Spanking Behavioral


To date, opinions that are favorable to corporal punishment are all based on criticial inferences and interpretations on the studies done by authors and institutions who and which are mostly inclined to support anti-corporal punishment (American Academy of Pediatrics, American Psychiatric Association, American Psychological Association, American Humane Association, American Medical, American Public Health Association and other related organizations). In viewing the researches and studies produced by these institutions, The League of Women Voters of Sourth Carolina (Kimbrough R. & Melton, JD, 2011) summed up that: It cannot be concluded that all children who are spanked will turn out to be aggressive, delinquent or have mental problems

Behavioral and Long-Term Effects of Spanking Behavioral

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Responses to spanking become an established pattern or way of reacting of children later in life, which reactions include but not limited to apprehension, aggressiveness, fear and defiance. The act of spanking itself produces feelings of anxiety, self-criticism, and self-doubt (Niolon, 2010)

Behavioral and Long-Term Effects of Spanking Behavioral


Conclusion and Personal Opinion: Conditional Corporal Punishment In my opinion, corporal punishment may both be beneficial or detrimental to children, and spanking may have long-term negative or positive effect depending on the frequency, the context in which the punishment was done, the intensity of the punishment, and the quality of relationship between a parent and a child (Baumrind, 1996). Spanking a child is a type of punishment that can be regulated by various factors including how the parent delivers the punishment and how it impact to the child's perception, reaction and emotion (Slade, 2012)

Behavioral and Long-Term Effects of Spanking Behavioral


However, in all culture, corporal punishment of children seemed to be accepted, perpetuated and was passed from generation to the next since time immemorial. Corporal punishment is the uses of forces-which is physical, but not hazardous or injure the child- with the aim or intention to inflict pain for the purpose of discipline, to correct or control a child's behavior (Straus, MA and Gelles RJ, 1990)

Behavioral and Long-Term Effects of Spanking Behavioral


However, in all culture, corporal punishment of children seemed to be accepted, perpetuated and was passed from generation to the next since time immemorial. Corporal punishment is the uses of forces-which is physical, but not hazardous or injure the child- with the aim or intention to inflict pain for the purpose of discipline, to correct or control a child's behavior (Straus, MA and Gelles RJ, 1990)

Spanking Children Should Not Be Spanked in


As Cox states, "Hitting children does not make it easier for us to do our social, legal, or moral duty as parents. Hitting them may only offer us a sort of shortcut when speed is a higher priority" (Cox)

Spanking Children Should Not Be Spanked in


Spanking should also be avoided since it holds the potential to hurt a child's self-esteem. Indeed, spanking "can lead to esteem and other problems," as a result of the fact that the child is placed in a position of total helplessness and subjected to humiliating violation of their physical safety (Dryburgh)

Spanking Children Should Not Be Spanked in


Although it is unlikely that most adults intend to injure a child's self-esteem by spanking them, adults must be sensitive to the fact that children often have a fragile sense of self and their psyche simply cannot withstand the mental consequences of spanking. It has been noted that "Discipline should teach children the restraint and values necessary to become competent and independent adults," and spanking fails to provide children with the intellectual reasoning that will teach them exactly why their behavior is inappropriate (McCoy)

Spanking Children Should Not Be Spanked in


Spanking may seem like a direct and effective way to do that, but it also delivers other messages that you don't want to be sent." (Walters)

Spanking Children


This is done so by implementing more severe punishment when children do not behave as well as the parent would want them to. It is the ultimate sign of power for parents who are emotionally disturbed themselves (Benjet & Kazdin, 2003)

Spanking Children


The psychological damage attained during this vital period of cognitive growth can be extensive and severe if the spanking is extensive and severe. Children who are spanked early on do not develop to the full extent of their cognitive ability (Kazdin & Benjet, 2003)

Spanking Children


Spanking children causes long-lasting physical and psychological effects on children. Children who are constantly exposed to forms of violence such as spanking do not learn to deal with situations in a calm rational manner (Nofziger, 2008)

Spanking Children


Most parents start spanking at a very early age. Although the thought behind this is to teach discipline from an early age, it in fact makes the psychological damage even worse for the children (Rodriguez & Richardson, 2007)

Spanking Children


Spanking essentially becomes a lashing out of the parent's sentiments. It is a sign that they are no longer in control of their emotions and choose to rather use spanking as a method of gaining control once again (Stacks, Oshio, Gerard, & Roe, 2009)

Spanking Children


Children who receive spankings do not learn how to regulate their emotions. They are taught that acting out in a form of anger is an acceptable way of handling problems and situations of conflict (Taylor, Manganello, Lee, & Rice, 2010)

Spanking Children


This leads to their inability to sense the wrong in hurting other individuals. This in itself leads to a greater predisposition to violent behaviors leading to delinquency and criminality (Turner & Muller, 2004)

Spanking Discipline vs. Aggression Imagine a Child


Another study found that spanking results in lower IQ. An analysis of intelligence scores of 1,500 children who participated in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth showed that those who were often spanked had lower IQs (Boyles, 2009)