Designing a better program requires an evaluation of existing or past smoking cessation programs, which worked, and adapting one from these (WHO). Recommended Evaluation Model This is a web-based smoking cessation program, which can be very useful and effective to patients or smokers anywhere in the world (Huey et al
According to Michael Fiore, a professor of medicine at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and founder of the school's Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, in all effective programs "what they'll do is give you coaching -- one-on-one personalized, individualized coaching to help you to quit. And that has been shown to substantially quit rates" (O'Callaghan 2009)
The Stages of Change model helps health care workers to understand destructive behaviors and assists in recognizing a client's place in the change process. This model involves six stages that take a person from the beginning, learning to indentify the problem, to the end, living without the problem (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1984)
Factors that affect the rate of innovation diffusion include the mix of rural to urban population within a society, the society's level of education and the extent of industrialization and development. Different societies are likely to have different adoption rates for different types of innovations (Rogers & Scott, 1997)
Further, clinical trials have generally shown NRT use to be safe. Concerns have also been raised about increased risk for cancer on the basis of evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies showing that nicotine can result in tumor promotion through increased cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and angiogenesis (Apelberg, Onicescu, Avila-Tang and Samet, 2010)
Concerns have also been raised about increased risk for cancer on the basis of evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies showing that nicotine can result in tumor promotion through increased cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and angiogenesis (Apelberg, Onicescu, Avila-Tang and Samet, 2010). The more support a smoker receives, the more likely it is that smoking cessation will be successful (Hamilton, 2005)
Oftentimes, when people have a goal that is tough to accomplish, they need help from an outside source. This is the often the case when it comes to smoking, as many people need that extra bit of help in order to quit (Kent, 2010)
One potential way to improve treatment outcomes is to combine drugs that, individually, have smoking cessation efficacy but different mechanisms of action. Another way to improve population cessation rates is to reduce barriers to making an attempt to quit (Rigotti, Gonzales, Dale, Lawrence and Chang, 2009)
As a result, with some kind of nicotine replacement therapy, they can be able to avoid reverting back to smoking. (Athonisen, 2005, pp
This is significant, because the information can be used to corroborate the long-term positive benefits that cessation can have, on those who quit smoking and remain committed to this goal. (Critchley, 2003, pp
To combat this, those who quit can take bupropion and nortriptyline, to help mitigate the adverse effects when they stop smoking. (Hughes, 2007) Lancaster, S
This is significant, because it shows how a number of anti-depressants, can be used to help reduce the extreme mood swings that will occur when someone stops smoking. (Jorenby, 2006, pp
Surgeon General, which found that 15% of adults believe that the effects of smoking are not harmful to you. (Koop, 2006, pp
Where, many will believe that any someone can use the different tools to successfully quit. (Lancaster, 2004) Athonisen, N
Once this takes place, the odds increase dramatically that someone will be able to never return to their old habits. (Stead, 2006) Takahisa, K
Where, the more they smoke, the greater the chances increase that they could have a heart attack. (Takahisa, 2004, pg
In the United States, smoking is thought to cost the country as much as $100 billion annually in healthcare and work productivity lost. Smoking-related fatalities exceed the number of deaths attributable to all diseases, traffic accidents (including drunk driving), and all forms of crime (including both violent crime and all drug abuse), combined (Brody 2008)
Smoking-related fatalities exceed the number of deaths attributable to all diseases, traffic accidents (including drunk driving), and all forms of crime (including both violent crime and all drug abuse), combined (Brody 2008). In addition to serious medical illness, smoking has also been directly implicated in premature aging of the skin and it is fast becoming outlawed in so many areas of modern life that those who continue to smoke may decreases their job opportunities and even their choice of residence in residential areas of several major cities (O'Neill & Jordan 2008)
Given that young children and adolescents might be part of the target audience for the Web site, the vocabulary choices are appropriate. Fry's Readability On the Fry's Readability scale, the grade level is about five, based on the use of short sentences, common, everyday language, and frequent subject headers (London, Rankin, & Stallings, 2005, p
Furthermore, it is less acknowledged the cigarette smoking affects both the innate and adoptive immune arms. Cigarette smoke was shown to augment the production of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-?, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 GM-CSF and to decrease the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10; tobacco smoke via multiple mechanisms leads to elevated IgE concentrations and to the subsequent development of atopic diseases and asthma and cigarette smoke has also been shown activate in many ways macrophage and dendritic cell activity (Arnson, Shoenfield, & Amital, 2010)