Sex Offenders The Internet allows sex offenders to communicate with and learn from other sex offenders worldwide, including tips for luring victims and, sharing of fantasies, and actual access to potential victims (Davidson & Gottschalk, 2011)
Research is increasingly revealing the value of education and community interventions in teaching children about what warning signs to look out for when using the Internet (Davidson & Gottschalk, 2011). Some research also shows that prevention efforts that help young people use the internet more responsibly are also more effective when coupled with anti-bullying and other mental health interventions that target the psychosocial problems related to vulnerability (Ybarra & Mitchell, 2008)
CULTURE OF DENIAL Despite available evidence pointing to sexual aggression by females, professionals frequently portray female sex offenders as harmless, benign women incapable of sexual aggression. There appears to be three common techniques use to render the female sex offender harmless (Allen, 1987)
TRAINING INITIATIVES Training initiatives play an important role within formal occupational cultures. Research has found that what is observed - particularly in the context of formal training - mold perceptions and contributes to an individual's overall socialization (Bucher and Stelling, 1977)
III. JUDICIAL AND MENTAL HEALTH DECISION MAKING The way in which the judicial system and mental health professionals think about their work and how they make professional decisions is said to be influenced by the formal occupational culture (Chan, 1996; Holdaway, 1999; Light, 1980)
B. INFORMAL CULTURES While the formal culture provides an important source of occupational knowledge, informal talk and banter has long been considered a crucial component for understanding organizational cultures (Crank, 1998)
While there is little doubt that males commit the vast majority of sexual offenses reported to police and their victims are predominantly female, the notion of male abusers and female victims has become a paradigmatic within the field of child sexual abuse. This has tended to obscure the recognition of male victims and female perpetrators of sexual abuse (Denov, 2001)
This is something that should be changed, as well as the stigma of a male reporting this type of crime or a female reporting this type of crime where another female is the perpetrator. Child sexual abuse comes up against a significant barrier when it comes to the underreporting of these types of crimes (Fromuth & Conn, 1997)
This is something that should be changed, as well as the stigma of a male reporting this type of crime or a female reporting this type of crime where another female is the perpetrator. Child sexual abuse comes up against a significant barrier when it comes to the underreporting of these types of crimes (Fromuth & Conn, 1997)
INFORMAL CULTURES While the formal culture provides an important source of occupational knowledge, informal talk and banter has long been considered a crucial component for understanding organizational cultures (Crank, 1998). The occupational culture is said to live through jokes and storytelling (Holdaway, 1997)
INFORMAL CULTURES While the formal culture provides an important source of occupational knowledge, informal talk and banter has long been considered a crucial component for understanding organizational cultures (Crank, 1998). The occupational culture is said to live through jokes and storytelling (Holdaway, 1997)
Research has found that what is observed - particularly in the context of formal training - mold perceptions and contributes to an individual's overall socialization (Bucher and Stelling, 1977). Studies have found that many professionals adhere to what they have read or been taught even when it is contradicted by their own work experience and knowledge (LaBarbara, Martin, & Dozier, 1980)
The kid's mother is overreacting because someone popped her kid's cherry. Hell, it's every guy's dream" (Nelson, 1994: 74)
Controversy If current laws that convict and punish sex offenders are so weak as to allow cases like the Chelsea King murder to occur, why would there be any controversy surrounding efforts to create more stringent laws? The primary source of disagreement comes from civil liberties groups, who argue that even sex offenders are Americans and should be afforded the same rights as non-criminals. They also point out that "there is no proof that longer sentences and parole terms are effective," (Shih, 2010) and that even if laws are passed there is likely not enough money in state budgets to implement new regulations effectively
Moreover, the study found that the majority of female offenders suffer from a myriad of mental health issues, which may include pathology, substance abuse, and feelings of low self-worth, confidence and esteem (Turner 2001). In fact the practice of sending delinquent girls who tested low in intelligence to state schools for feebleminded children dates back to the 1930's when institutions became a type of wastebasket for problem cases of mental, physical, or moral nature (Cahn 1998)
Most children are pre-school and school-age, although there have been cases of women offending against infants and adolescents over long periods of time (Nathan, Ward 2002). However, one case study revealed that the female perpetrator did not suffer from major psychotic, affective or substance use disorder, and her intelligence level was normal range and that she acted alone in her offences (Chow, Choy 2002)
Female Sex Offenders There have been extensive studies regarding child sexual abuse, however, there have been minimal attention paid to sexual abuse by females (Denov 2001)
As supporting evidence, Freeman-Longo (1986) reported that some sex offenders he interviewed experienced sexual arousal while discussing their abuse and that they tended to downplay the trauma of their victims" (Dyrne 1998). Sexual abuse disclosure is defined as "including an alleged offender, a victim, and a sexual act" (DeVoe 1999)
If cognitive variables are introduced, however, the victim may recognize the pleasure the abuse gives to the perpetrator and generate positive expectancies for such behavior as an adult. As supporting evidence, Freeman-Longo (1986) reported that some sex offenders he interviewed experienced sexual arousal while discussing their abuse and that they tended to downplay the trauma of their victims" (Dyrne 1998)
However, the female perpetration of sexual abuse has been a subject largely overlooked, yet, females commit between 3% and 13% of all sexual abuse (Kaufman, Wallace 1995). Literature suggests that people accused of sex crimes are a heterogeneous group and that not all sex criminals have paraphilic sexual disorders (Fedoroff 1999)