The findings of one research showed that people who are highly neurotic will be more prone to posting a large number of their photos on Facebook. Moreover, it was found that individuals with low or high neuroticism usually share a greater amount of their basic data on Facebook, compared to moderately neurotic persons, suggesting different behavior motives, particularly a self-assurance need (Amichai-Hamburger and Vinitzky, 2010)
Individuals with poorer self-esteem endeavor to make up for it by adding more friends, so as to create a feeling of belonging as well as increase their popularity perception. Valerie Barker's 2009 research found that individuals reporting high self-image mostly utilize Facebook as a tool for passing time and communicating with peers (Barker, 2009)
2. Procedure Students willing to take part in the research will be administered the following tests/surveys online: Facebook Intensity Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale Body Esteem Scale, and Eating Attitudes Test-26 (Chen & Marcus, 2012; Nadkarni & Hofmann, 2012)
A similar research by Williams, Wise and Skues found that extroverted people normally participate more in Facebook social activities and utilize the website as a tool for enhancing and maintaining their social ties, rather than as an alternative to their social activities (Skues, Williams, & Wise, 2012). Kraut and colleagues' findings suggest that introverted people who use social networks experienced lower community involvement and increased loneliness, while extroverted people experienced increased community involvement and decreased loneliness (Kalpidou, Costin, & Morris, 2011)
Moreover, it was found that individuals with low or high neuroticism usually share a greater amount of their basic data on Facebook, compared to moderately neurotic persons, suggesting different behavior motives, particularly a self-assurance need (Amichai-Hamburger and Vinitzky, 2010). The aforementioned results were confirmed in another research, which found that self-disclosure in case of highly neurotic individuals was mediated by the motivation for expressing hidden and ideal self-aspects (Seidman, 2013)
Much of this body of literature seems to employ the "Big Five" or Five Factor personality model for comparing mean time devoted to sites like Facebook with lower or higher scores for certain trait groups. This model indicates that much of variety in human personality may be categorized into the following five main personality traits: agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, extraversion, and receptiveness to experience (Skues, Williams, & Wise, 2012)
The act of praying for other people may confer the sense of empowerment and social connection that are more important for raising self-esteem than the prayer itself or any supernatural element. The results of the O'Laoire (1997) study substantiate prior research showing that religion is linked to locus of control, which is itself connected to the definition of self-esteem (Benson & Spika, 1973)
Participation in a community is the key and requisite factor in raising self-esteem. Moreover, religion does provide a stable sense of self and a stable ego concept -- factors that can provide high self-esteem as it is measured on psychological surveys (Biazek & Besta, 2012)
In addition to locus of control being related to personal religious beliefs, perhaps the most important connection between religion and self-esteem is psycho-social. Believers have higher social self-esteem in prior literature, something that has been proven true across cultures (Gebauer, Sedikides & Neberich, 2011)
. black self-esteem is insulated from systems of racial inequality," (Hughes & Demo, 1989, p
Laoire (1997) conducted a randomized, controlled, double-blind study in which 90 "agents" prayed for 406 subjects. The results showed that both subjects and agents of distant intercessory prayer improved on self-esteem self-assessments (O'Laoire, 1997)
These results seem to contradict those found by locus of control studies like that of Benson & Spika (1973) or O'Laoire (1997). It is not just personal religious identity but also factors like acculturation, discrimination experiences, and the diversity of the surrounding community that impact self-esteem (Rumbaut, 1994)
found that African-American girls do not suffer from the same dips in their self-esteem when they are overweight or obese, and that their self-esteem is much more connected with their social successes in peer groups. Body image is not as impacted by external factors, and more affected by what their immediate social or familial circles believe about ideal body types, sizes, and weights (Boyington, et al
In addition to the physical health consequences of being overweight or obese, including lethargy, high blood pressure, and diabetes, there are known mental health concerns including depression, social anxiety, and low self-esteem. Research has consistently shown that being overweight or obese is "strongly correlated with low self-esteem," (Eddy 1)
Interestingly, though, there is a gender difference. The opposite was true for boys, who report lower self-esteem at more moderate levels of overweight versus boys who are highly overweight (Israel and Ivanova)
As Mills points out, being overweight or obese can cause feelings of shame and inferiority, reinforced by cultural values and norms. A loss of energy related to the physical consequences of obesity or overweight can also cause a loss of "joy for life," which detracts from self-esteem and the capacity to feel joy (Mills)
Age has a bearing on the relationship between self-esteem and body weight. Among younger children, self-esteem is less impacted by body weight than it is among adolescents, when physical appearance becomes a more salient criteria for belonging to social groups or construction of personal identity (Phillips and Hill)
). Other cultures do not exhibit as robust patterns related to self-esteem, with Hispanic and whites more likely to have low self-esteem related to body weight than any other cultural groups (Strauss)
In sociology and psychology, self-esteem reflects a person's overall subjective emotional evaluation of his or her own worth. It is a judgment of oneself ...
Possessing little self-regard can lead people to become depressed, to fall short of their potential, or to tolerate abusive situations and relationships. Too much ...