Russian Culture Sources for your Essay

Russian Culture in a 1939


Life shifted from one based on subsistence agriculture and rural tradition to one based on industry and planned cities. The leaders of Russian culture at the time were the revolutionaries, rather than the artists, and it was seen almost as a cultural rite of passage to be imprisoned (Solzhenitsyn, 1973)

Russian Culture in a 1939


In terms of gender, Russians generally value strength and boldness in men; intelligence and beauty in women. For example, the popularity ratings for Vladimir Putin improved when he cracked down on Chechen rebels (Zurcher, 2007), a move that was unpopular anywhere else in the world

Russian Culture in a 1939


Russians have little trust with regards to oral agreements, and often do not trust contracts either, as the rule of law can be questionable. Part of these stems from a core value that relations are more important than results, which in turn relates to a general view that the individual has little control over his or her circumstances (Bergelson, 2003)

Russian Culture in a 1939


Pronunciation has never been guided by rules, it was always something the speaker "just knew." As such, standard pronunciation only appeared in the 20th century via mass entertainment and broadcast media (Comrie, et al

Russian Culture in a 1939


25 births per woman as opposed to the 2.15 needed), the Russian government has been forced to offer incentives for starting families (Sobolevskaya, 2003)

Russian Culture in a 1939


There are also many Muslims among the seasonal laborers who come to Russia from the Central Asia republics. Some observers have even suggested that Islam will be the largest religion in Russia within our lifetimes (Pipes, 2009)

Marketing Russian Culture Compared to the Culture


Currently Russia and Brazil both seek to implement rules and regulations that assist domestic companies while ensuring that foreign companies experience a more difficult business environment. One recent report shows that "Brazil has traditionally been characterized by a culture of inward-looking policy making" (Baumann, 2010, p

Marketing Russian Culture Compared to the Culture


36). A report on Russian imports states that "one thing that was underlined during the visit was the level of preparation required to ensure that an organization embarks on investment in Russia with its eyes wide open" (Ranson, 2011, p

Marketing Russian Culture Compared to the Culture


Brazil, on the other hand, is likely to provide a more vibrant, younger society filled with workers (both male and female) who wish to rapidly move upward. Interestingly enough though, recent and "numerous survey of young people…attest to a very strong disposition…to obtain a higher education, to find self-realization, to build a career and achieve financial independence without regard to their personal and family life" (Stuchevskaia, 2011, pp

Marketing Russian Culture Compared to the Culture


One such area is the fact that each country presents potential investors with a widely different economical picture. One analyst, Carlos Gomes with Scotia Capital, thinks that the economies should present opportunities in the future but that "Russia likely has the weakest outlook among the BRIC nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China) because of declining population" (Watson, 2009, p

Russian Culture and the Application


On the other hand, every culture has certain idiosyncratic values and norms as well as attitudes, predilections and ways of interpreting reality that have to be taken into account by the counselor. Kareem (1978) defines intercultural therapy as: "A form of dynamic psychotherapy that takes into account the whole being of the patient-not only the individual concepts and constructs as presented to the therapist, but also the patient's communal life experience in the world-both past and present" (Dupont-Joshua, 2002, p

Russian Culture and the Application


However, this situation is open to many variations, especially in the light of the recent changes that the society has undergone. As Schultze ( 2000) states, "Although the man is usually considered the authority in the house, the woman provides most of the discipline and the affection for the children"(Schultze, 2000, p

Russian Culture and the Application


As James J. Messina states in Individual Counselling Theory and Practices: summary, "Biases are reflected when we Neglect social and community factors to focus unduly on individualism" and when we "Assess clients with instruments that have not been normed on the population they represent" or" Judge as psychopathological behaviours, beliefs, or experiences that are normal for the client's culture" (Messina) and as Wolfe and Vitebsky ( 2002) state, "The notions of separation and individuation which underpin much of the theory and practice of therapy do not necessarily apply in other cultural settings (Wolfe & Vitebsky, 2002, p