Race And Arrest Rates Sources for your Essay

Race and Arrest Rates


The state's primary line of tactic is to ensure that they support moral beliefs by promoting them which violate criminal laws founded upon the universally accepted principles. Therefore, the police force will arrest those who commit crimes violating the laws of criminality (Chambliss, 1976:3-5)

Race and Arrest Rates


, 1997) The most logical justification taken from social organizational theories especially those based on conflict and consensus are all the more interesting and concrete as they suggest diverse judicial results for social order related behavior. In case of conflict and consensus, they have macro level repercussions related to practicality of social control by the judicial system (Cureton)

Race and Arrest Rates


It could be a fact that blacks commit more crimes than white, but they could be a victim of racial bias as well. The thesis in this regard will only focus on disparity of black and white arrest rates, neglecting the judicial system biasness (Dageforde, 2013)

Race and Arrest Rates


In case of minority race policemen, more cooperation can be facilitated with more people coming out to report crimes, an increased community cooperation and cutting down of police harassment and unfair arrests. Fact of the matter here is that, community identical policemen can assist in cutting down crime leading to a crime free community (Donohue & Levitt, 2001) But this creates another problem, which is police officers often hesitate in arresting members of their fellow community (as shown in the research), co race policemen doesn't cut down crime as compared to cross race policing

Race and Arrest Rates


Most object to the racial discrepancies seen in juvenile detentions, some have assessed the disparity with logic and explained them as well (Kempf-Leonard, 2007). In case of present research, two possible causes for racial discrepancies were noted for juvenile male arrests with the data gathered on: Child internalizing Externalizing behavior Con textual risk factors (Fite, Wynn, & Pardini, 2009) Research Question Does white and black arrest rate differ in case of their frequency and seriousness of criminal offence which each group perpetrates? Hypothesis In case of consensus theory being correct, racial rates of arrest must be due to illegal conduct (no discrimination)

Race and Arrest Rates


It's maintained expensively, quite unsound monetarily and a weak political asset during election campaigns, racism still persists today as it did during Enlightenment. It has a usage apart from economy, apart from separating the ethnic communities from each other and exists metaphorically in our daily life evident everywhere and quite noticeable (Ladson-Billings, 1998) The present comprehension of race has progressed from bio-genetic distinctions and concepts of phenotype

Race and Arrest Rates


The real statistics are quite alarming actually in case of city's crime activities that a neutral statement such as 'larger percentage of crimes than stop' isn't practical to use; hence the numbers are omitted out as always. According to the crime rates, the blacks are seldom stopped in comparison to their city's population which is yet another cause for omitting them from the newspapers (MacDonald, 2010) The Kerner Commission report (Stokes, Larry, Scott & James, 1993) has recognized the importance of minority race police personnel apparently

Race and Arrest Rates


Blumstein, 1993; Golub, Johnson, & Dunlap, 2007; Goode, 2002; Human Rights Watch, 2008, 2009;Tonry, 1995).The aim of the present research is to evaluate the racial / ethnic inequalities in arrests by the police force by observing certain factors such as: Drug use Drug sales Nondrug offending Minorities existence in criminal communities (Mitchell & Caudy, 2013) Importance of the Topic In case of United States of America, 1 in 45 blacks are arrested while in case of white men, 1 in 320 is arrested (Butler, 2010)

Race and Arrest Rates


Fact of the matter here is that, community identical policemen can assist in cutting down crime leading to a crime free community (Donohue & Levitt, 2001) But this creates another problem, which is police officers often hesitate in arresting members of their fellow community (as shown in the research), co race policemen doesn't cut down crime as compared to cross race policing. In case of same race policemen, police corruption also increases actually (Shleifer, Andrei & Vishny, 1993)

Race and Arrest Rates


The real statistics are quite alarming actually in case of city's crime activities that a neutral statement such as 'larger percentage of crimes than stop' isn't practical to use; hence the numbers are omitted out as always. According to the crime rates, the blacks are seldom stopped in comparison to their city's population which is yet another cause for omitting them from the newspapers (MacDonald, 2010) The Kerner Commission report (Stokes, Larry, Scott & James, 1993) has recognized the importance of minority race police personnel apparently

Race and Arrest Rates


Therefore, the police force will arrest those who commit crimes violating the laws of criminality (Chambliss, 1976:3-5). Apart from that, such acts can threaten and endanger value system, incapacitate, eliminate and harm the people residing in a society must be sanctioned (Tittle, 1994:25 as cited in Cureton)

Race and Arrest Rates


white arrests The higher frequency of black arrests has been taken to a whole new level as Criminal Justice System is deemed predisposed towards minorities. Primary focus is on two questions here: Is the high frequency of black arrests directly related to unfair and prejudiced organizational practices? Is the higher frequency of black arrests related to their involvement in crimes? (Walker, et al

Race and Arrest Rates


The reason of their suitability is their comprehension of black norms and general acceptance as their own. It's a general knowledge that if members of local community fail to cooperate in an ongoing investigation, then police officers will remain unsuccessful in solving cases (Wilson, 1968)

Race and Arrest Rates


The reason of their suitability is their comprehension of black norms and general acceptance as their own. It's a general knowledge that if members of local community fail to cooperate in an ongoing investigation, then police officers will remain unsuccessful in solving cases (Wilson, 1968)

Is There a Relationship Between Race and Arrest Rates?


For the maintenance of their privileged status, as well as resource ownership and power access, rulers align themselves to the use of repressive social control against the subordinates and/or minorities. Presumably, leaders of the ruling class coerce and constrain the subordinates since they presume the subordinates to be threatening, both in their imaginary and real struggle to achieve economic success, resource ownership, social status, and political power as the ruling class (Becker, 1968)

Is There a Relationship Between Race and Arrest Rates?


As a result, the relationships between the minorities and legal agents (say police officers) may be oppressive since the dispositions of the police will tend to favor the interest of the ruling class. Thus, the decisions made by the police to arrest an individual from the minority groups are likely to be independent of the actual individuals' conducts while being more dependent upon the status of subordinate groups (Blumstein, 1982)

Is There a Relationship Between Race and Arrest Rates?


Alternatively, many authors reach controversial conclusions, for instance, Walker (1987) elicits that the police frequently stop the young black males within the streets of London thrice as much often as the young white males while driving or walking. This high probability of the Blacks' stoppage would at least, partially explain the aspect of the black-arrests' over-representation relative to their population (Bowles & Pradiptyo, 2005)

Is There a Relationship Between Race and Arrest Rates?


In the United States, the relationship between crime and race has been one of the public's controversial topics, and a controversial scholarly debate hitting annual headlines for more than a century. Since the beginning of 1980s, these debates center on the causes and effectual factors for the disproportionate representation of the minority races (primarily the Black Americans), resulting to the "Black Crime" within all levels of criminal justice systems, encompassing the arrest rates, prosecution, and incarcerations (Butler, 2010)

Is There a Relationship Between Race and Arrest Rates?


The research team will then sort this data by race and then aggregate it up to state levels in order to come up with measures on how the whites and blacks differ in terms of socio-economic sense within every state (Becker, 1968). A mathematical framework will be necessary to calculate and explain the empirical results (Jones & Luo, 1999)

Is There a Relationship Between Race and Arrest Rates?


Variables Independent Variable: Race Dimension #1: Self-identification Attributes: Black Black + Hispanic or Brazilian Black Caribbean Black African Black "other" Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Dimension #2: Identification of race by arresting officer Attributes: Black Black + Hispanic or Brazilian Black Caribbean Black African Black "other" Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Dimension #3: Self-Perception of How Others Perceive Attributes: Black Black + Hispanic or Brazilian Black Caribbean Black African Black "other" Bi-Racial/Multi-Racial Dependent Variable: Arrest Rates Dimension #1: Type of Crime Attributes: Domestic Offense Drug Offense Property Offense Violent Offense (Assault) Rape Dimension #2: Level of Crime Attributes: Misdemeanor Felony Parole Revocation Dimension #3: Geographic Location Attributes: Urban Suburban Rural Statement of the Problem Prior research has suggested that African-Americans are disproportionately arrested vs. whites (Kochel, Wilson & Mastrofski, 2011)