The coercion and incentive scheme is evident in the governmental measures like use of sanctions for unmarried working adults as well as income tax reductions and subsidies for childbirth, basic education, and raising a child respectively. While the outright coercion and incentive scheme promotes behavior change, it doesn't necessarily lead to attitude change and persuasion (James & Gutkind, 1985)
Some of the major ways that can be used to assess the effectiveness of these approaches to behavior change among the nation's citizens to result in attitude change is through the theory of psychological reactance and overjustification effect. The psychological reactance theory is an aversive sentimental reaction as means of responding to impositions or legislations that interrupt freedom and independence (Moss, 2008)
In efforts to promote attitude change, the overjustification effect takes place when an unnecessary reward is offered in an apparent attempt to control behavior. In this case, the Singaporean government has offered several unnecessary rewards in order to encourage marriage and procreation such as income tax reductions, subsidies for purchasing HBD flats, and subsidies for basic education (Ramesh, 2011)
Reproductive success will be influenced by numerous factors. Three of these factors include parental investment, reproductive characteristics, and environmental concerns (Sommer, n
It has been disputed that there are undeniable ties between individual goals of mixture and social influences on couples, even to the point that it is hard to argue a division between the two. Couples might achieve reproductive advantages by selecting a mate who shares comparable traits and genes, but the overall success of the mixture strategy hinges on social forces that support or weaken the strategy of people (Thiessen, 1999)
Peterson (1999) reports that at least two million children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder take Ritalin and other related drugs. The United Nations released a report in 1996 expressing concern over the discovery that 10% to 12% of all male school children in the United States currently take the drug, a rate far surpassing that in any other country in the world (Livingstone
Donna Jones tells the story of how her son was affected by Ritalin. According to her report (Peterson, 1999), "soon after her son started taking the medicine, she was concerned that he seemed dazed and disconnected from others
Humans are naturally resistant to change. To this end, the authors outline a four-stage procedure that managers can adopt to ensure that their organizations accept, and respond effectively to change - i) setting the stage for acceptance; ii) presenting a framework for interpretation; iii) managing the mood; iv) and providing reinforcement to ensure permanency (Garvin and Roberto, 2008)
The above ideology perhaps explains the view advanced by Walker (2013), that people who are less educated (lower levels on the organizational hierarchy) are more likely to follow their leader than those who are more educated (higher levels). I would argue that educated people are less likely to view their leader as this perfect figure, who is better than them, and deserving of their high position; rather they would look up to them, expecting them to behave like they themselves would have behaved in the same position (Walker, 2013)
Building upon this, Carnegie maintains that interest in the person's welfare is shown by the mastery of and the frequent use of the person's name in conversation. This shows interest and when one prompts further, the person will tell one about their favorite conversational topic which is themselves (Carnegie, 1936, 17-20)
Cialdini spent researching and writing the book, he went "undercover" applying for training and jobs and training at used car dealerships, telemarketing companies and fund-raising organizations in order to observe many real-life situations of persuasion in order to put together a set of commonalities upon which to establish a group of universal principles. Additionally, the book reviews some of the most important experiments theories and experiments in social psychology (Cialdini, 2006, xi-xiv)
However, unlike the rating scale, this scale lacks a neutral option. Such a scale was used by Raven, Centers and Rodriguez in a 1975 study that sought to determine a person's differential susceptibility to a power base utilized by their spouse (Swasy, 1979)
The believability of message is much significant and it relates to the message credibility source. For example, the employees who have had negative experiences with the service providers may seem to take more convincing since the key to believability is not only to promise anything that one cannot deliver, but to understand that the message content is effective to attitude change (Orehek, 2012)
A good example is a person who is so angry that nothing seems to appease him or her; all the usual comfort objects, such as chocolate, a funny joke, or a good movie, are insufficient to overcome the negative affect. Finally, the appraisal process can be influenced by what have been termed 'standards' (Rannazzisi, 2009, p
A number of factors have been found through empirical studies to influence the appraisal process. Since impulsive evaluations typically precede a reflective one, the nature and strength of the impulsive appraisal can influence a reflective appraisal (Strack and Deutsch, 2004, p
The earlier broken engagement of Anne and Wentworth has become a sort of male-authored text, which now must be revised by the reader who had read and been influenced by it. Indeed, Sarah Raff notes that Austen's initial readers (female or otherwise) would have recognized in Persuasion distinct allusions to George Crabbe's poem "Procrastination" -- "the poet whom Austen joked of marrying" in her letters, as Raff notes, and a work "to which Anne Elliot alludes during her grand vindication of women's constancy" to Harville, quoted above -- which tells the story of a broken engagement like Anne's to Captain Wentworth, but in which the female protagonist ages into a rich spinster while the rejected suitor ends in rags (Raff 174)
A consumer's attitude towards air conditioning reflects utilitarian goals (stay cool in summer); but a consumer's attitude towards Green Bay Packers' t-shirts reflects that person's values (LeBoeuf, 348). Question TWO (266 words): discuss two persuasion processes in the elaboration likelihood model The basic idea behind the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) is this: in order to gain an understanding as to how "…a persuasive communication may affect a person's attitudes," the motivation and ability of the person to elaborate must be given consideration during the processing of the message (O'Guinn, et al
Mark Snyder and Kenneth G. DeBono reference "functional theories" about attitudes; they explain that the functional aspect of attitudes allows people to "…execute plans and achieve goals" (Snyder, et al
As one study on the subject notes, " the deeply rooted fear many Americans feel for the Klan at once attracts and bedevils Klan recruits. "(Kaplan, 1995) The ideology of racial identity, superiority and exclusivity is also combined with religious persuasion and motivation
In this regard a report by the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) entitled, Ku Klux Klan Rebounds With New Focus on Immigration, ADL Reports, states that in 2007, The Ku Klux Klan, which just a few years ago seemed static or even moribund compared to other white supremacist movements such as neo-Nazis, experienced "a surprising and troubling resurgence" during the past year due to the successful exploitation of hot-button issues including immigration, gay marriage and urban crime. (Ku Klux Klan Rebounds With New Focus on Immigration, ADL Reports) Therefore, a central persuasive technique is the use of sensitive and opportunistic issues in the society to incite fear and concern among potential members, thereby motivating and persuading them to join the Klan