5 million fractures annually, it is important for patients to measure bone mineral density. The diagnosis of the condition should be made before the initial fracture takes place, since once a fracture occurs in osteoporosis the risk of another fracture is relatively high (Richmond, 2003, p
The results of the bone density examination are usually expressed in the form of either a T score or a Z score. While the T scores reflect numbers that compare the condition of a patient's bones with those of an average young individual with healthy bones, the Z scores are numbers that compare the condition of a patient's bones with those of an average individual his/her age (Kleerekoper, Rosen, Mulder & Villalba, 2013)
The rate of natural loss increases substantially after age 50. If its severe enough, the thinned-out bones become porous, and osteoporosis develops, which literally means bone porosity (Walford, 2000, p
Osteoporosis Approximately 8 million people in the United States are affected by osteoporosis (Ray, Chan, Thamer, et al
The most significant fractures for both women and men appear to be hip fractures. Of those that fracture a hip, 50% will need assistance to walk for the remainder of their lives, and 25% will have to have long-term care (Riggs & Melton, 1995)
The risk factors for osteoporosis are many and varied in addition to those that have already been listed. Bone mineral density is one factor, as well as family history, small bone structure, being inactive, early or late menarche, and an excessive amount of exercise that results in amerorrhea (Neer, 1995)
However, the overall costs include many other things, such as inability to work, custodial and medical care, reduced quality of life, functional limitations, loss of independence, pain, cost of illness, and death (Neer, 1995). It is relatively easy to measure the cost of osteoporosis when it comes to hip fractures because they result in surgical intervention and hospital admissions, both of which can be measured based on cost in many health care systems (Kanis & Pitt, 1992)
Osteoporosis and resultant factors due to related fragility and falls are important public health concerns that necessitate effective prevention and interventions (Lirani-Galvao & Lazaretti-Castro, 2010)
One of the most effective and researched non-pharmacological interventions for osteoporosis is exercise. Research has determined that weight-bearing impact exercises may enhance the strength, mass, and structure of bones (Nikander, et al
These researchers discovered that power training was significantly more effective than strength training for the maintenance of bone mineral density at the proximal femur and the lumbar spine. In addition, power training was found to not increase pain in post-menopausal women, even though it is characterized by explosive muscle contraction and increased stress on tendons and joints (Stengel et al
Here, available research indicates that "the concept that estrogen deficiency is critical to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis was based initially on the fact that postmenopausal women, whose estrogen levels naturally decline, are at the highest risk for developing the disease." (Raisz, 3320) Fortunately, a great deal is coming to light on the subject of osteoporosis, with both lifestyle predictors and chemical occurrences in the body revealing new insights to medical professionals
" Previously Jordanian healthcare resources were mainly director towards "acute care services" but lately the focus in Jordan has been more towards "chronic illnesses" like OP, Lubna explains. What vitamins are known to be helpful to women in terms of lessening the chances of getting OP? A study in the peer-reviewed journal Alternative Medicine Review (Karkkainen, et al
The total body bone density mass increased "significantly more in the intervention group than in the control group," the author conclude, and hence the evidence shows that by taking Vitamin D daily -- and by taking calcium as well -- can have a positive effect on the skeleton, for women who are postmenopausal. Osteoporosis in Younger Women: In her book, Women's Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nadya Swedan explains that some young females athletes struggle with osteoporosis due to "inadequate bone formation" or due do "premature los of bone mass" (Swedan, 2001, p
The authors of this study found that age, obesity, and menopause increased the risk of discordance in a study population consisting of mostly women between the ages of 20 and 92 years. Implications of an Osteoporosis Diagnosis The 65-year-old patient in this case study could have been diagnosed with osteoporosis during the course of a routine physical, or more commonly after having suffered a low-trauma fracture (Baim & Leslie, 2012)
Osteoporosis In a healthy adult the skeleton is maintained through a process of complementary bone resorption and deposition (Das & Crockett, 2013)
5 or below. The recommended locations for a bone density scan for osteoporosis is the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and/or hip (ISCD, 2013), although if these locations cannot be easily scanned then the non-dominant forearm can be used as a point of reference (Mounach et al
The calcium supplements appeared to have a greater effect on certain bones, but almost no response from others. In addition, the study states that Calcium has a threshold of 1000 mg (Winters-Stone & Snow, 2004)
Older women are at the highest risk for developing osteoporosis, and are about four times as likely as men for developing the disease (National Osteoporosis Foundation). Certain ethnic groups are at higher risk for the disease, with Caucasian and Asian women being at a higher risk than women of African decent (Shiel)
fruits, vegetables -- especially leafy green ones -- grains, protein, and low-fat dairy products." (Bennett, B) There are also numerous calcium fortified products on the market that can supplement diet
Osteoporosis EMPHASIS ON BONE HEALTH Osteoporosis is a condition wherein bones turn weak and become prone to fracture (Ma, 2013)