Out of survival, you will see this kind of distribution at the necessary depths. (Garrison, 2008) Siliceous ooze is a substance that is composed of the debris from plankton to include: scilia shells, diatoms and radiolaria
This would provide: a basic background as to how the various tectonic plates were moving closer or farther apart. (Maxwell, 1969) What is the evidence for sea floor spreading? There was a fracture zone that was discovered between sites 17 and 18 in the Atlantic Ocean
According to research, "This results in two high tides and two low tides in a day," (Ocean Link 2010). These types of tides are most common on the Eastern Atlantic Seaboard, which explains how the Florida Keys and Connecticut tides are both semi-diurnal (Pidwirny 2008)
Climatic disturbances have also been observed in the western Mediterranean where the increase of summer temperatures of 2-3°C has resulted in the deepening of the thermocline. A similar climate induced disturbance has also been observed in the Indian Ocean and along the Caribbean coast (Danovaro et al
These include currents, upwelling processes, ambient temperature and winds. These factors may all be influenced by climate change (Lutjeharms and Ruijter, 1996)
The short history of modern observations from the ocean mean that there is a lack of history from which to evaluate how the earth's current and circulation may have behaved in the past. This then makes it very difficult to determine whether any observed changes in the ocean currents may be part of a normal pattern of change, or related directly to climate change (McManus, 2006)
If such changes in ocean current did occur, it is likely that the changes would impact on a global scale. Introduction When the Pentagon Report was released to the media in 2004 it suggested that there would be catastrophic events which would occur over the course of the next few years as a direct result of global warming and climate change (Schwartz and Randall, 2004)
These current patterns create larger swirls of mixing currents in some locations called gyres. One of the largest gyres in the world, the Pacific Gyre is located in the waters between the cost of California and Hawai'i (McWilliams and Restrepo, 1999)
In other locations, currents form a connective band of moving water between oceans and seas where creatures are carried. Many of these currents mix downward and influence deeper currents as well (Mills, 2011)
Although both plankton and nekton inhabit the mesopelagic zone, the defense mechanisms of the nekton are more elaborate. The Diel vertical migration of nekton represents a strategy to remain invisible to visual predators, by migrating to the upper pelagic zone to feed on phytoplankton during the night and returning to the depths before the sun comes up (De Meester, Weider, and Tollrain, 1995, p
Benthic Zone Since plankton can't evade predators they rely on more passive defense mechanisms. Gastropods grow hard shells with narrow openings or elaborate sharp spines, and microalgae restrict the production of digestible structural material to deter foragers (Duffy and Hay, 2004, p
The organisms that feed on the phytoplankton, the zooplankton, are thus forced to either remain in the upper pelagic layers or migrate vertically between the upper and lower layers. An important functional division within zooplankton is the ability to actively travel from location to location (nekton) or simply drift with the ocean currents (plankton) (Miller, 2004, p