Some of the information available on MS is subjective, incorrect, and not based on empirical evidence. A survey of 50 lay books on CAM found that MS was sometimes incorrectly defined, on average five or six therapies were recommended and no books had the same recommendations, and few books discouraged the use of any CAM therapies (Bowling & Stewart, 2003)
Regardless, millions of healthcare consumers rely on common CAM interventions each year, which include chiropractic treatment, naturopathy, acupuncture, massage therapy, and herbal supplements. In fact, CAM are used so regularly that some estimates show that CAM healthcare costs among Americans exceed those of traditional healthcare (Campbell et al
Of those with the relapsing-remitting form, 15% will have benign MS, or a mild course with minimal disability after 15 years. Disease modifying drugs moderately reduce the number and severity of attacks, the number of new lesions on magnetic resonance imaging, and progression, especially if therapy is begun early (Murray, 2006)
Multiple Sclerosis "WHOLE-BRAIN" DISEASE Multiple Sclerosis Description, Population and Challenges Multiple sclerosis or MS is a most afflicting and challenging condition. It is a common, inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system or CNS (Borazanci et al
It should also design specific interventions for pain management in persons with RRMS (Newland pp 267-268). Migraine-like Headache in MS Another study showed that patients with MS suffer from a migraine-like headache caused by plaques in the brainstem or in other locations (Gee et al
Further research on their benefits is also greatly encouraged. Stem Cell Treatment The use of stem cells may be a new way to address the management of MS and other neurodegenerative and neuroimmunological disorders (Karussis & Kassis, 2007 p 1201)
pp 241-242). Other factors are immune system malfunction, diet, vitamin deficiencies and allergic reactions (Litzinger & Litzinger, 2009 HS6)
25 billion by the end of this year (NMSS). Interventions and Recommendations Anti-inflammatory Effects of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids or PUFAs Epidemiological studies suggest that saturated fat intake can lead to MS (Mehta et al
Research Projects Pain in RRMS RRMS is the most common type of MS. A comparison of the multidimensional aspects of pain between those afflicted and those free of RRMS to measure the presence of pain and its aspects (Newland, 2009 p 262) the multidimensional aspects included intensity, pattern, location, descriptors and interference
(Zhou, Rammohan, Lin, Robinson, & Li, 2005) This review has been extracted from two studies; 'CD 24 V/V is an allele associated with the risk of developing multiple Sclerosis in the Spanish population' . (D Otaegui1, A Sa'enz1, P Caman "o1, 2006) and 'CD24 is a genetic modifier for risk and progression of Multiple Sclerosis' (Zhou, Rammohan, Lin, Robinson, & Li, 2005) MATERIAL AND METHOD: In the above mentioned studies of CD24 and the role of genetic polymorphism in the risk and progression of Multiple Sclerosis, the following method was applied
Many of these CD24 expressing cells are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. (Zhou, Rammohan, Lin, Robinson, & Li, 2005) This review has been extracted from two studies; 'CD 24 V/V is an allele associated with the risk of developing multiple Sclerosis in the Spanish population'
The lifetime risk of multiple sclerosis in northern Europe is 1:800, increasing to 1:50, 1:20 and 1:3 for the offspring, siblings and monozygotic twin partners of affected individuals, respectively. (D.A, 1996) In Multiple Sclerosis, the myelin producing oligodendrocytes of the central nervous system are the target of recurrent cell mediated autoimmune attack, which starts with the entry of activated T-cells through the blood-brain barrier
In category 10, death occurs as a result of Multiple Sclerosis. (Tarver, PhD, 2009) The obtained samples were compared with a control group
These scores can also be divided into 6 different severity grades (1 = least severe, 6 = most severe). (RL, & J, 2008) The MSSS test performs the Kruskal wallis test using asymptomatic approximation or an exact permutation method
In other areas, such as New Zealand, Spain and Africa, the disease occurs more in those with a Caucasian descent. (D.A, 1996) Other than the already established candidate genes (DRB, 1
These symptoms show patters of remission and relapse, although examination may reveal a residual deficit even during the latent period. (Tierney, McPhee, & Papadakis, 2004) This disease takes multiple forms, varying from patient to patient
(Tierney, McPhee, & Papadakis, 2004) The Mc Donald criterion provides a few basic rules that help reach a diagnostic conclusion. (Tarver, PhD, 2009) The Expanded Disability Status Scale and the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Scale provide an outline to assess disease severity and progression
(Tarver, PhD, 2009) The Expanded Disability Status Scale and the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Scale provide an outline to assess disease severity and progression. (RL, & J, 2008) Treatment: The main goal of a physician in the treatment of MS is to reduce inflammation to halt the progression of the disease
The nature of the current healthcare system, Cohen & Cesta () argue, is such that "it is important to present some of the methods of evaluating cost-effectiveness of nursing case management." (Cohen & Cesta, 513) in light of the case in question, concerning the aged and newly diagnosed sufferer of Multiple Sclerosis, this cost management analysis must weigh both those methods expected to provide better health outcomes and those methods which are generally more cost effective
Consequently, it must be expected that the part of total costs represented by drugs has increased, from essentially a very minor part in the nineties (2-5%) to a much larger proportion. " (Kobelt et al