¶ … Epidemiological Study on Influenza Malaria The study hypothesized that in a population with high risk of developing complications, there is bound to be a high incidence of severe cases and lethality of type A influenza (Lera et al
This posting was intended to inform local health authorities of the potential public health risk and suggest recommendations for presumptive treatment of refugees who had recently emigrated from East Africa." (Azarian, Kay and Smith, 2008) V
" (2008) in fact, according to the executive direction, Michel Kazatchkine "there is now clear evidence that mortality rates from the disease among children younger than five years of age had fallen sharply in 10 sub-Sahara countries, and, in Zanzibar, malaria had been almost eradicated as a public health problem." (Breiger, 2008) Four key components of success have been identified as follows: 1) a catalytic moment; 2) Demand for universal coverage; 3) Pragmatic donor response, and 4) Innovative problem-solving
." (Brieger, 2008) Brieger states that the Malaria Matters fund has "delivered 50 million bed nets impregnated with insecticide to families at risk of catching malaria, almost double the number that were issued a year ago
HISTORY of MALARIA The work of DeAngelis and Zuccotti (2006) states that "Malaria is an ancient disease, with description of a disease resembling malaria that date back more than 4000 years." (DeAngelis and Zuccotti, 2006) in 1880, Laveran identified the parasite responsible for malaria and was awarded the 1904 Nobel Peace Prize
The purpose of this investigation is to ascribe a causative agent to the infectious disease malaria. Multiple studies conducted of malaria provide ample evidence the causative agent for infectious malaria is a parasite of protozoan, single-celled formation, recognized under the Plasmodium genus (Eisenberg et al
There are currently drugs that help fight malaria, but key to their efficacy is administration early in the disease (Ethiopian, 2000). One agent often used to help treat the symptoms and invasion of malaria currently is "quinine" and is effective when used early in the disease process (Kiple 682)
Current Treatment of Disease The most current tool for controlling the epidemic transmission of malaria to human populations is mosquito control, as the disease largely spreads via this parasitic host. During times of outbreak it is imminent that agencies help control the population of mosquitoes through various means including by spraying agents that would kill or destroy the embryos or eggs of developing populations of parasitic hosts (Ross, 1908; Koopman and Longini, 1994; Eisenberg, et al
The heaviest time of contraction is during the rainy season in areas where the disease exists. The symptoms of the disease include symptoms resembling the flu, such as vomiting and headache, to "severe hepatitis and hemorrhagic fever" (Barwick, et
One scientist "discovered that those who were spared had an abnormal version of a gene known as CCR5-delta 32. This mutation provided them with protection against the plague" (Boston, 2002, pg
A., and its range within the western hemisphere is expected to continue to expand" (Campbell et
The mosquitoes contract the disease from the blood of infected persons they bite ("Malaria," 2004). One of the problems with control is that mosquitoes have developed resistance to the malaria parasite, and so they pass on the disease without succumbing to it (Tenenbaum, 2002, pg
Often, the host dies from the disease. It can infect a variety of animals, including birds, "horses, bats, chipmunks, skunks, squirrels, and even alligators" (Ward, 2003, pg
Because of continued study, scientists also have come to understand why the plague can suddenly occur and then disappear, too. The simple answer is plague pathogens can see an opportunity to explode and capitalize on it (Wills, 1996, pg
For these reasons, tropical and semitropical climates at lower altitudes represent the primary environmental risk factor for malaria. These regions include the Caribbean, Central and South America, South Central and Southeast Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa (Feder & Mansilla-Rivera, 2013)
For example, of the 18 million American traveling to malaria-endemic regions each year approximately 1,500 will return with the disease. Protection against malaria is afforded by the human genetic factor that results in sickle cell disease (Sabahelzain & Hamamy, 2014)
). Other Treatment/Management Options In vitro Drug Combination The malaria sybr green-based fluorescence or MSF assay was evaluated in the lab in combination with certain drugs for sensitivity (Co et al
). The intervention was conducted on a group of 5,233 school children in 101 government primary schools in Kenya from 2010 to 2012 (Halliday et al
). A Computer-Vision Diagnostic Tool for Malaria The traditional manual evaluation of blood films in diagnosing malaria requires the effort of skilled personnel, time- consuming, subject to error, and repetitious (Linder et al
"IVM supports more accessible and affordable disease diagnosis and treatment with effective anti-malarial drugs, within the framework of a multi-disease control approach" ("Malaria control," 2015). Distribution: Malaria and genetics "It is now clear that malaria parasites have imposed strong selective forces on the human genome in endemic regions" (Driss et al