He states that the management of Parkinson's disease needs to be holistic because of the multidimensional nature of the disease. The holistic approach in managing the disease in the elderly include involving the patient and family, incorporating a multidisciplinary team, and dealing with clinical and rehabilitation issues in the process (Iansek, 2004, p
Traumatic Brain Injury in the Elderly: Traumatic brain injury is a major health issue among older adults since it accounts for over 80,000 emergency department visits on an annual basis by persons above 65 years. The severity of this problem is evident in the fact that 75% of these visits usually end up in hospitalization (Thompson, McCormick & Kagan, 2006, p
82). Some have proposed increasing research on multicultural children's problems (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2006)
Children communicate through somatic symptoms (headaches, etc.) more than adolescents (Birmaher et al
Children communicate through somatic symptoms (headaches, etc.) more than adolescents (Birmaher et al
They all emphasize the child's need to monitor mood, to identify and modify maladaptive cognitions, and to learn problem solving, social, and affect regulation skills (Curry and Reineke, 2003). Interpersonal psychotherapy for adolescents (IPT-A) is one cognitive-based form for psychosocial intervention for children with major depressive disorder (Brown et al
The cognitive approach sees negative feelings and behavioral patterns rooted in systemic negative thought patterns. Therefore, it focuses on modifying those distorting thought patterns (Curry & Reineke, 2003)
It is not clear whether this is the case before adolescence. In children, major depressive disorder can impair social and academic performance (Emslie et al
, 1993). At least one longitudinal study has shown a high prevalence of persistence and recurrence once diagnosis has been given (Fleming, Boyle, & Offord, 1993)
Present as well is the trend of self-isolation or withdrawal from friends and a loss of social interest. Depressed children predict that activities at school will be boring, and thus tend to watch peers rather than participate (Friedberg & McClure, 2002)
In children, major depressive disorder can impair social and academic performance (Emslie et al., 1994), can increase risk for substance abuse and other psychopathologies (Kovacs, 2003), and can lead to successful suicide or suicidal attempts (Rao et al
Therefore, there is more emphasis on improving relationships within the family environment. In all cognitive treatments, clients are "taught to identify dysfunctional thoughts and maladaptive assumptions -- either through recall or imagined situations -- that may be contributing to feelings of depression" (Maag, Swearer, and Toland, 2009, p
This is troubling because it means that once one has had an MDE episode in childhood, it is likely to continue into or recur in adulthood. Length of depressive episodes seems determined by age of onset, where the earlier the age the longer the episode (McCauley & Myers, 1992)
After referencing some developmental studies, this paper will pass on to specifically cognitive research on childhood MDD. Although quite rare in young children, the incidence of MDD rises in adolescence, along with suicidal ideation associated with depression (Myers, McCauley, Calderon, & Treder, 1991)
In children, major depressive disorder can impair social and academic performance (Emslie et al., 1994), can increase risk for substance abuse and other psychopathologies (Kovacs, 2003), and can lead to successful suicide or suicidal attempts (Rao et al
, 2008). Its primary goal is to reduce depressive symptoms through enhancement of communication and interpersonal skills (Stark, Herren, and Fisher, 2009)
, 2008). Its primary goal is to reduce depressive symptoms through enhancement of communication and interpersonal skills (Stark, Herren, and Fisher, 2009)
Rather he or she will act out in frustration. Children under 9-years-old express distress through behavioral problems and acting out (Schwartz, Gladstone, & Kaslow, 1998)
Depression Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an illness that impairs the "mood, thoughts and behavioral patterns," according to an article in the Journal of the American Dental Association (Friedlander, et al
The high rate of comorbidity of major depressive disorder and substance abuse (particularly alcohol) is well documented (Kahler, Ramsey, Read & Brown 363). Likewise, there is a connection between major depressive disorder and the incidence of anger, aggression and domestic violence in the United States (Feldbau-Kohn, Heyman and O'Leary 347)