Since October 2004, 136 Customs and Border Protection employees have been indicted on or convicted of corruption-related charges." (Becker, p
That surpasses the total for all of last year, when 136,343 were removed." (Sols, p
If the latter course is pursued, then not only does it become easier to cater to a tourist satisfactorily but it also becomes much more possible to provide an attraction for that person which can meet a range of other needs as well -- those of presenters and sites, for example. Essentially, with appropriate information it may be possible to diversify to meet tourist needs just as satisfactorily, or even more satisfactorily than if they were the sole objective, yet allow other needs too to be met (Boniface, 1999)
1.2: Research in Tourism Studies Among the several emerging tourism models available, including ecotourism, adventure and sports tourism (Francis-Lindsay 2009), the approach that has been shown to be most effective in providing the sustainable support needed by the Royal Kraal is cultural heritage tourism because it features all three of the essential elements of cultural heritage tourism (i
123). Given this broad array of potential cultural heritage destination sites, it is important to identify those attributes of a given destination that hold the most promise of creating the desired image in ways that make it difficult for others to duplicate (King et al
Indeed, as Dustin and Wolf, point out, cultural heritage tourism initiatives "require a commitment of time and patience on the part of the visitor as well as a genuine interest in understanding the complexities of a sophisticated culture" (1999:73). Although a number of cultural heritage tourism initiatives have been developed in recent years as the result of governmental support, there is an increasing trend towards private development (Lim 2010)
1.7: Limitations of Research Study The primary limitation of the case study methodology used in this study was its inherent reliance on the subjective interpretation of the study findings by the researcher with the potential for researcher bias to adversely affect the interpretation of the findings that emerge from the synthesis of the primary and secondary data (Neuman, 2003)
Moreover, in spite its strategic partnership with Elephantstay, an international organization committed to elephant conservation and ongoing support from the Thai government, the Royal Kraal at Ayutthaya needs additional resources to fulfill its mission of rescuing and caring for an increasingly endangered, aging elephant population in Thailand. The Royal Kraal's mission is important because the elephant population in Thailand is regarded by international conservation agencies such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Species Survival Commission Asian Elephant Specialist Group as being endangered, having been in a state of steady decline since the 1970s (Reading & Miller 2000)
, cultural, historic and natural resources). Developing and maintaining an ongoing cultural heritage tourism initiative, though, is not without its difficulties and challenges (Richards & Hall 2000)
, 2002). The proliferation of such cultural-heritage tourism destinations in recent years has also intensified the competition for these tourists (Schumann, 2010)
Chapter Two: Review of the Literature Chapter Introduction This chapter provides a review of the literature that corresponds to the study's guiding research questions as follows: (i) motivation of cultural-heritage tourists who visit the royal kraal, (ii) the cultural importance of the Royal Kraal Elephant Farm; opportunities for promoting cultural heritage tourism at the Royal Kraal Elephant Farm; and, (iv) a discussion concerning the debate on cultural tourism in the context of nature. Motivation of Cultural-Heritage Tourists Although every visitor is unique, cultural-heritage tourists are typically motivated by a keen interest in the relevance and significance of various aspects of a location's offerings as they relate to local or regional identity (Smith, 2003)
3: Theoretical and Conceptual Issues The main theoretical issue that guided this research study was the capacity to build a sustainable approach to cultural heritage tourism. The conceptual issues that guided the study included identifying the most important types of international tourism currently being promoted such as sun, sea, and beach tourism; adventure and ecotourism; and cultural heritage tourism (Stonich 2001), or health and wellness tourism, sports tourism, religious tourism, rural tourism, or event tourism (Francis-Lindsay 2009), to determine the most appropriate approach for the Royal Kraal
These are certainly laudable and worthwhile efforts and goals, but obtaining the funding needed to support these operations, like other elephant conservation facilities in Asia (Reading & Miller 2000), also remains a constant challenge for the Royal Kraal. Finally, cultural heritage tourism is one of the fastest growing segments of the international travel and tourism industry (Zeppel & Hall 1999)
However, the Virginia Tech massacre and the concerns that it invoked led many people to really consider the full implications of FERPA. One of the problems with FERPA is that is "a large, complex, and confusing body of law" (Daggett, 2008)
In addition, FERPA is not linked to disclosure of personal information; a professor or other staff member who noted disturbing behavior by a student would not be prohibited from disclosing those observations, unless otherwise bound by some type of confidentiality. It is also specifically targeted towards official institutional records; for example, it is not a FERPA violation to share information about grades in a classroom setting (Friedman, 2002)
Following Watergate, lawmakers were increasingly concerned that secret governmental documents could be erroneously relied upon to the detriment of individuals, most of whom had no idea that data was being kept and no method of correcting inaccurate information. Thus, FERPA's purpose was to give parents access to their children's educational records to ensure that data being relied upon to classify their children was correct or correctable" (Penrose, 2011)
However, FERPA only prohibits such disclosure if the information is part of the student's official educational records. While some universities might mistakenly believe that FERPA prohibits such disclosure, "in reality the law would permit disclosure" (Tribbensee & McDonald, 2007)
"No longer can parents simply send their children away to college assuming they will be immune to crime because college campuses reflect the same problems and concerns found in society as a whole. In an effort to provide parents and prospective students with an informed view of campus life, many members of the press and media are seeking access to the records of university judicial procedures" (Walton, 2002)
Peter's Basilica. (Coffin 2003) The Villa d'Este is a villa located in Tivoli, near Rome
Other components of the Louis XIV style were integrated from the Baroque style of that time, which can be described as a "melding of traditional French elements such as lofty mansard roofs and complex rooflines with expensive Italian quotations like ubiquitous rustication." (Pater 1976) the Louis XIV school is also known as the Magnificent Manner, a name that is highly evocative of the priorities and ideals in design at the time