Interpersonal theory by Hildegard Peplau This is a grand theory that is based on psychodynamic nursing that uses an understanding of an individual's behavior to help other people identify their difficulties. It applies the principle of human relations and is based on the fact that a patient normally has a felt need (Antipuesto, 2008)
Here, the significance of communication in the nursing practice, especially between the nurse and the patient is of central importance. The fourth phase is resolution whereby the needs of a patient have been met by the collaborative efforts between the nurse and patient (Olin, 2011)
They help in making decisions on what is know and what one needs to know. They are also used to enable nurses to know why they are doing what they are doing (Habel, 2010)
They are only concerned with a specific area of interest within the discipline of nursing. They give propositions and concepts at a level that is lower when it comes to abstraction and at the same time hold a promise for an increase in theory-based research as well as nursing practice strategies (Shakeel, 2010)
In effect, gender differences have helped develop and create stereotypes about male and female communication styles, and these differences are manifested in the workplace setting in business communication. However, it is always important to note that while gender is an essential factor in communication, individual differences are also primary considerations that must be looked into when studying the dynamics of interpersonal communication and relationship, whether it be a male-male, female-female, or male-female communications (Honeycutt, 2000:57)
One possible reason is that IM takes place in a less formal and controlled environment than other modes of conventional communication. (Grinter and Palen, 2002) Another aspect to be considered is that IM allows for one-to-one communications as well as group discussions
. IM conversations ultimately lead to a false security about what is real and what is not" (Lee and Perry, 2004, p
In more technical terms IM or instant messaging refers to a form of synchronous computer-mediated communication or CMC. (Tidwell & Walther, 2002) With the introduction of ICQ by Mirabilis inn1966, instant messaging became more freely available and accessible to all with Internet access