38)." Both Schacter and McNamara are talking about the levels of processing theory introduced in 1972 by Craik and Lockhart, whose theory held that there were levels of memory processing: depth of processing, maintenance and elaborative rehearsal, implicit and explicit memory, and update (Craik, Fergus and Lockhart, R
All of these functions serve the overall mind process in various ways of cause and effect. The hippocampus is the area of the brain where the visuals that we recognize are connected with the memory sources that transmit to our cognitive processes the understanding of what we are seeing (McNamara, Patrick, 1999, p
599). Rolls says: Brain systems involved in rewards and punishers are important not only because they are involved in emotion and motivation, but also because they are important in understanding many aspects of brain design, including what signals should be decoded by sensory systems, how learning about the stimuli that are associated with rewards and punishers occurs, and how action systems in the brain must be built (Rolls
The point is that human's have entered in a bionic world with out even observing the fact which is the latest technology ruling over our brain. It has been proved that machine helps to rediscover things which a human brain hesitates to do so, "it's what author Cory Doctorow refers to as an 'outboard brain' (Thompson)
Memory becomes particularly complicated if it a story that we recall and continually retell. According to this research, "Over time, we tend to embellish and borrow details from other stories, resulting in part fact and part fiction -- and often even using the memories of others as our own, all the while entirely believing it ourselves" (Brayton)
It also appears that this move towards a dominance or preference was also part of the leap toward civilization about 2.5 million years ago because it increased the ability to make and understand tools, the future, and consequences (MacNeilage, P
Limbic "conductors" chemically broadcast the unique interpretation of all this stimuli throughout the body. Then, depending on its decision, opens or closes access to higher brain function (Vail, 2010)
). We know that we can generalize emotions, but now know that there is a huge continuum of the way in which the chemicals interact to aid learning (Bickle, 2009)
Now, science has proven that when the body engages in a physical action, a number of chemicals are released that actually improve brain and learning function. The release of these chemicals is tied to mood -- when one is happy, amused, or active, the chemicals released aid in learning and comprehension (Harlin, 2008)
Neuropeptides are the way that cellular communication occurs, including brain-to-brain messages, brain-to-body messages, body-to-body messages, and body-to-brain messages. (McGhee, 1999)
The release of these chemicals is tied to mood -- when one is happy, amused, or active, the chemicals released aid in learning and comprehension (Harlin, 2008). In fact, moving any of the major muscle groups (arms, hands, legs), or even smiling and laughing (moving the diaphragm) produces a set of complex proteins that robustly interact with neurochemicals to produce enhancements to the learning process (Ratey, 2008, 5)
If the limbic system interprets a positive or optimistic set of stimuli, then access to imagination, knowledge, and higher functions of creativity are allowed. Research finds that the overall theme of emotion may be interpreted as a kind of elevator operator -- controlling which floor the system stops, but especially diligent and selective about allowing access to the highest floors of the brain (Vail, 2010)
One concern leading to an increase in research surrounding this topic is the amount of radiation emitted by a mobile device. This radiation is known as radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RF-EMW) (Agarwal, 2009)
The INTERPHONE study itself was inconclusive. Although an increased risk of cancer, specifically glioma, was reported among users categorized as heavy cell phone users, most analysis of the data suggested no increase of cacogenic risk associated with cell phone use (Betts, 2010)
The radiation is referred to as "radiofrequency energy." According to Davis (Cell Phone Use- Is it Safe? An Interview with Devra Lee Davis, PhD, MPH
This is significant as this area of the brain has an effect on working memory. This finding is consistent with other studies on behavior changes following EMF exposure that assess changes in working memory (Huber, 2002)
The literature suggests the effects of cell phones on the brain are inconclusive at this time. Research is limited by measurement and methodology (Regel, 2011)
Other studies do not support an association between cell phone use and brain cancer. In a study of 322 Japanese cell phone users with brain tumors and 683 members of a control group, there was no significant relation between cell users and glioma and meningioma (two types of brain cancer deemed most likely to be caused by an increase in radio-frequency near the ear) (Takebayashi, 2008)