In addition, the construction renovation added safety features that helped contain the damage. One reporter notes, "Blast-proof windows that are still in their frames, bolted-down joints that are made to take such an impact, and other marvels of construction and engineering such as steel re-enforced joints, kept the plane from plunging farther into the five rings and five stories of the building" (Drummond 3)
After the Cold War ended, the government added 2,662 Tomahawks and other missiles to its arsenal. It increased air power capabilities by modernizing 961 night-capable aircraft and 707 precision-guided munitions-capable aircraft (Greider 41)
The building is a five-sided "pentagon," it has five floors, and "five concentric rings connected by ten corridors that run, like spokes, from the inner ring to the outer. Interior courtyards that provide light separate the rings" (Johnson)
The basement is divided into fire-safe areas, and the masonry construction is fire resistant. Many important rooms have their own specific fire-fighting systems, and there are sprinklers, fire extinguishers, and hoses located strategically throughout the building (Matthews)
Past experience has shown that change is difficult at the Pentagon and in the Department of Defense. Two writers state, "Changing large organizations is always difficult, and it is especially hard at the world's largest organization, the Pentagon, where special civil service rules, arcane budget and accounting practices, and unique cultural issues converge to make change difficult" (Mcinerney and Pages)
2) "is a computer system capable of capturing, storing, analyzing, and displaying geographically referenced information -- information attached to a location, such as latitude and longitude, or street location." Client-server systems, on the other hand, "divide the processing tasks between the user's own local machine, the client, and a remote and probably more powerful machine known as the server" (Anselin and Rey, 2009, p
Department of Homeland Security is yet another good example of a federal government agency that actively makes use of GIS to coordinate some of its operations and, hence, fulfill its mandate. One of the GIS applications the agency makes use of is the Integrated Common Analytical Viewer (iCAV) which is, in basic terms, "a secure, web-based, geospatial visualization suite of tools that integrates commercial and government-owned data and imagery from multiple sources" (Beveridge, 2011, p
" As a result, many Qatari government agencies are today making use of GIS in their daily undertakings. Other jurisdictions that have also embraced GIS in their day-to-day e-government operations are New Zealand, Australia, and Canada (Reddick, 2010)
It is important to note that the subpoena is provided by the therapist on court's notice and does not make him / her party to the legal proceedings. Usually, legal service is done by a professional, sheriff or someone else, who delivers a copy in person or leaves it at the intended recipient's residence or place of business (Zur, 2010)
A creeping rationalism and rejection of these values has led to a replacement by "professionalism," or an understanding that governmental matters are too complex, too opaque, or too important to be overseen by citizens or their representatives. According to Guy Adams in a journal article, "professionalism has assimilated ethics as a part of its ordinary definition," which implies that the fundamental compact between the governed and those in government can be replaced by a creeping Mandarinization of modern government practice (Adams, 1993)
The American Society for Public Administration's ethics statement includes three pillars: to serve the public interest, the law, and standards of personal and professional excellence (Lempert, 1997). Whereas government agencies should be engaged in controlling negative consequences (crime, foreign attacks) or assuring the improvement of the standards of living of the governed (from roads to schools), a good deal of the effort expended in public administration is on controlling public officials themselves: To a significant extent, the organization, rules, and energy of urban government are focused on surveilling and controlling officials rather than on the production of government outputs (Anechiarico, 1994) This is true not only in American government, but government around the world
One could term Mossad's kidnapping of Eichmann from Argentina as ethical, despite using subterfuge with Eichmann and the (then dictatorial) Argentinian government (Rosenbaum, 1993). From that "virtuous" time in the 1950's, Mossad's reputation has declined as it has engaged in torture and targeted killings of Palestinian terrorists (David, 2003)
if, for example, the CIA were in existence and could have killed Hitler in the 1930's, few today would argue that the CIA's actions would be "morally justified." Politics by Innuendo: Contributing to Unethical Conduct? Ginsberg and Shefter argue that the United States government is being dramatically undermined by the combination of invective, political intrigue and innuendo (Ginsberg, 2002)
Mossad provides such a cautionary example. Second Hypothesis: The creeping moves toward professionalism have reduced ethical inhibitions Our founding fathers depended on the moral superiority of our society as handed down directly from God to each citizen, and not through the intermediary of a King or other public official: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness (Jefferson, 1776)
Ethics, the CIA and Recent History The CIA has been implicated in unethical conduct since its founding after World War II. Allende in 1973, Mossadeq in 1952, Diem in 1962, all were national leaders and victims of CIA operations (Johnson, 1992)
Patronage, politicking and pork have been an integral part of politically-associated government agencies since the founding of America. Washington, Adams and Jefferson complained of the "shameless corruption" in appointments and administration of public agencies (Kurtz, 1957)
The Founding Fathers intended to create a system of public accountability and checks-and-balances such that administrators were not able to rule the citizenry in an unbridled way. The American Society for Public Administration's ethics statement includes three pillars: to serve the public interest, the law, and standards of personal and professional excellence (Lempert, 1997)
While perceptions of corruption were raised, the longer-term effects may have been salutary. Connected to, and perhaps due to the Watergate break-in, Frank Church, D (Idaho) conducted hearings in the Senate on the CIA which resulted in a significant cut-back in the CIA's powers (Olmsted, 1996)
If values were completely unstable, continuity of human personality and society would be impossible. Any conception of human values, if it is to be fruitful, must be able to account for the enduring character of values as well as for their changing character (Rockeach, 1972)
Its earlier actions, in the 1950's and 1960's concentrated on protecting the state of Israel from hostile surrounding powers, and retrieving Nazis, such as Adolf Eichmann, who had participated or led atrocities during the Holocaust of World War Two. One could term Mossad's kidnapping of Eichmann from Argentina as ethical, despite using subterfuge with Eichmann and the (then dictatorial) Argentinian government (Rosenbaum, 1993)