(2000), "observational studies in children undertaking routine physical activity and cross-sectional athlete studies in young sportspeople both reveal that activity is positively associated with bone mineral density (BMD)." (Khan et al
Rosenbaum reports "that resting-energy expenditure remains depressed in subjects undergoing dietary weight loss with the addition of exercise, while others report that exercise in addition to weight loss preserves resting metabolic rate at pre-weight-loss levels." (Rosenbaum, 1) for children, the metabolic outcomes of exercise persist even at rest, where digestion produces a more efficient storage and use of energy
Depletion of glycogen stores, then, appears to serve as a limiting factor for endurance exercise performance." (Rowland, 70) This demonstrates that exercise amongst youth can have distinct anatomical impacts not relevant to adults and that proper care must be attended to these distinctions
determined that the "variables that were consistently associated with children's physical activity were sex (male), parental overweight status, physical activity preferences, intention to be active, perceived barriers (inverse), previous physical activity, healthy diet, program/facility access, and time spent outdoors." (Sallis et al
Heart rates in children may reach 220 or even 225 before puberty, but tend to fall to around 200 in their late teens, so the coach should not worry on finding such high rates in exercising youngsters." (Sharp, 1) This is a demonstration of the distinct physical response of the youth's body, justifying a framing of youth physical activity as separate, different and demanding its own specific scientific attention
The Simons-Morton text reports upon research which denotes that "the substantial relationships between regular participation in moderate to vigorous physical activity and positive health outcomes, especially cardiovascular disease risk reduction, are now well established." (Simons-Morton, 403) the establishment of this connection in empirical certainty reflects the focus of this discussion, indicating that the benefits to promoting exercise amongst youth are likely to carry with them long-term physiological gains in terms of health
As the article by Tomassoni (1996) indicates, "there is an increasing interest in the use of exercise testing and training in the clinical management of both congenital and acquired cardiovascular disease in children and youth." (Tomassoni, 406) This is because the connection between exercise and such cardiovascular indicators as pulse acceleration and blood pressure allows for health observations to be made on the basis of internal responses to heightened physical activity
"His artist's interest in the particular and the concrete, which inspires his careful, precise and accurate observation, is carried further by his inordinate curiosity into a detailed analytic study of the factors involved," wrote the author of The School of Padua and the Emergence of Modern Science. (Randall 123) At times, those observations were carried out in conditions modern people wouldn't dream of enduring
Motor learning and control: the study of how the brain coordinates the muscles while complex activities are taking place. Sports psychology: this is the scientific study of psychological issues in humans' behavior that are directly related to movement (Kamen, 2001)