This enables the managing staff to communicate the objectives and goals of the plan throughout the hierarchy in an effective and efficient manner. (Col & Jay, 2007) The national policies shall be developed in a proactive manner and shall be understood by each and every member of the community
(Staff Members of The World Bank National Disaster Coordinating Council East Asia And Pacific Region; Republic Of the Philippines Rural Development, 2010) Development of Building Codes and Enforcements: These can be defined as legislations that have been developed by various governments to ensure that the contractors and construction companies construct buildings that are in alignment with the laws and ensure that these buildings would withstand the shocks of earthquakes. (Faculty Members of University of South Florida Honors College, 2011) Resistant Construction: The new buildings are required to be constructed according to the architectural and building codes that have been developed to resist the shocks that are created by earthquakes
Apart from that, the paper will also propose strategies that would further enhance the earthquake mitigation practices of public and private institutions. (Folger, 2013) Earthquake Risks and Hazards A number of recent studies have indicated that earthquakes are becoming increasingly damaging in the present era
In the recent era, these strategies have been enhanced to include formal rules and regulations, reconstruction, resilient construction, community-based strategies and awareness programs. (Ganderton, 2005) By enhancing the team efforts and empowering the people at the lower level of the hierarchy of government, these strategies can further be enhanced
It is caused by the earthquakes that occur under the sea level or along the coastline. (Hosseini & Izadkhah, 2006) Flooding is also a side effect of earthquake
Inspection of the damaged areas and development of strategies that would enable the affected area to move back to their routine activities. (McMillan, 1998) Conclusion As indicated by a number of studies, there has been a wide increase in the frequency and intensity of damages that are caused by earthquakes, as well as the frequency of occurrence of these disasters
S. Department of Homeland Security, 2010) The following figure demonstrates the manner in which mitigation can be perceived globally: (Rafeeqi, 2006) Mitigation is an important element in the protection of lives during an earthquake and focuses on concrete goals and objectives
Even though these activities can be quite costly in nature but their benefits exceed these costs. (Staff Members of Federal Emergency Management Agency, U
Department of Homeland Security, 2000) The major triggers on which earthquake hazards depend are population density, structure of construction and emergency preparedness of the effected people. (Staff Members of New York City Consortium for Earthquake Loss Mitigation, 2005) The section below lists down the basic risks that are associated with earthquakes
As these strategies might lead towards the reconstruction of the storages or warehouses of the organizations that hold large amount of inventory, these organizations generally avoid adopting these strategies. (Staff Members of the California Seismic Safety Commission, 2010) This research, therefore, aims at analyzing the risk and hazards associated with earthquakes
For this purpose mitigation can be divided into to two broad categories mandatory-structural mitigation and nonstructural mitigation. (Staff Members of the Directorate of Civil Defence & Home Guards, Government of Meghalaya, 2005) Mandatory-structural Mitigation Mandatory structural mitigation consists of the following techniques: Risk Identification: Under this area the concerned authorities, on the basis of reliable and authentic data asses the risks that are associated with earthquakes
Apart from that, the urbanization process and development of large number of buildings have also led towards an enhancement of the risks and damages that are caused by earthquakes. (Staff Members of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, U
In addition to that, it also enables the community and authorities to share their perception of risks and facilitates the coordination of actions as well. (Staff Members of the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction and the World Bank, 2007) In addition to that, citizens shall also be involved in all the states of the development of emergency management strategies
This is because the buildings with appropriate building and architecture codes fail to stand the earthquakes because of the low quality material and deployment of ineffective construction techniques. (Staff Members of Tulane University, 2013) As the ground shakes violently during the area, therefore, lose sediments in the any area make it more vulnerable to earthquakes
They cannot go beyond these indications to indicate where this disaster will occur the next time. (Staff Members of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2007) Earthquake preparedness and risk management or mitigation cannot be regarded as one of the common issues that public institutions confront
This shaking and energy radiations can be caused by some magmatic or volcanic activities and other stress changes in the infrastructure of earth as well. (U.S. Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, 2014) The table below provides information about some of the largest earthquakes in the history of the United States of America: S
These practices divide the risk mitigation activities at group level and integrate them at a wider level for effective earthquake mitigation. (Victoria, 2009) The table below demonstrates the steps that are generally taken by concerned authorities to mitigate the risks that are associated with earthquakes: Before the Disaster During the Disaster After the Disaster Check for the risks that might accompany earthquakes
The powerful tsunami that was generated by the earthquake did serious damage to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. For days the Japanese nuclear workers tried to cool down the plant, which was overheating because the tsunami had "knocked out crucial diesel back-up generators that were designed to cool the reactors in an emergency" (Brumfiel, 2011)
The Japanese did not report accurately, Brumfiel writes, because the newest information on how much dangerous, cancer-causing radiation was actually released shows far more than the Japanese government reported. Journalist Beth Thomas writes in Bloomberg that the Fukushima nuclear plant was responsible for "…the biggest discharge of radioactive material into the ocean in history"; it was "20 times the amount estimated by its owner, Tokyo Electric Power Company (Thomas, 2011, p
At the same time, they were wealthier and these kinds of events were a main focus of the government (due to the frequency of them). (Bajak) ("Quake Comparison") When you compare the two earthquakes with one another, it is clear that the reason why the Haiti was more devastating is country did not experience these events on a regular basis (in comparison with Chile)