When any ordinary person spoke to a capitalist he had to cringe and bow to him, and take off his cap and address him as 'Sir'. The chief of all the capitalists was called the King, and -- (Orwell 76)
This makes it clear that substance abuse disorder makes a way for other related disorders as well. Management and Treatment Psychosocial Interventions This has been the practice adopted by many professionals, and studies are being done on it (Brunette, Mueser & Drake, 2004)
For example, the positive and negative reinforcement in operant conditioning, elaborates the fact that substance users gain pleasurable feelings when they consume drugs and get rid of unpleasant thoughts in the process. Cravings can be felt by drug addicts as a result of classical conditioning where they associate the drugs with a feeling of belonging, friendship and other pleasant things (Collins, Blane & Leonard, 1999; Hansell & Demour, 2005)
Where there is intensive case management, the outcomes, in terms of substance abuse, are not consistent. There is need for further study into other interventions, including programs for self-help, intensive outpatient and even psychoeducation (Drake, Mueser & Brunette, 2007)
Where there is intensive case management, the outcomes, in terms of substance abuse, are not consistent. There is need for further study into other interventions, including programs for self-help, intensive outpatient and even psychoeducation (Drake, Mueser & Brunette, 2007)
Thus, sociocultural factors also affect the abuse of substances. As reported by proponents of family risk factors, patterns are present in families that could lead to the abuse of drugs (Hansell and Demour, 2005)
There should also be a focus on improving quality. This can be through system engineering, holding record electronically, using electronic systems for decision making and reviewing the clients who are not improving (Hermann, 2005)
, 2003). These abnormalities in the ear lobes were, however, not present two weeks after abstinence, indicating a regularization of blood flow as abstinence continues (Kalechstein & Gorp, 2007)
One of these periods is adolescence, when there is a lot of pressure placed on a person by their peers, coupled with the discovery of self and the feeling of being able to do anything. The psychopathology of a child is greatly affected by their parents being substance abusers as well as their peers being deviants (Moss, et al
It is sometimes difficult to provide the services for both disorders, and the services that the client accesses may not address the common elements in both disorders. Professionals have thus, come up with ways in which to put together the interventions of both mental and substance abuse disorders (Petrakis, Nich & Ralevski, 2006)
There could be patterns of co-dependence and even denying the existence of a problem, leading to addiction of the drug user. A person can also be influenced to abuse substances by the environment he/she is in as well as the company they keep (Powell, 1973)
They specifically refer to this manual when they are diagnosing disorders related to the mental health of a patient and the use of substances. Through the use of this manual, there is a standard way of diagnosing disorders (Rockville, 2005)
It was also found out in other studies that severe depression occurred in those who had co-morbid psychiatric conditions. One week after the abstinence of clients who were previously dependent on heroin, there was hypo perfusion detected in their ear lobes (Rose, et al
However, the antipsychotics have not been seen to improve substance abuse though they work on the schizophrenia. The most recent antipsychotics, such as Clozapine, have however, been seen to work on the related substance abuse in schizophrenic patients (Salloum, Cornelius & Daley, 2005)
In supporting the client, especially in terms of a job, this should be done in a way that encourages the client to abstain from the use of substances. The client can be trained in the skills that will enable them to make friends as well as know how to deal with substance purveyors (Mueser, Noordsy & Drake, 2003)
With regards to her erratic behaviour, Arlene's husband has explained that she has no regular course; that she lacks regularity, wanders constantly and has an erratic heartbeat. Her husband further stated that this was not her usual behaviour, that unlike in the past, now she seemed to have erratic and impulsive behaviour (Berlin & Hollander, 2008)
6. Recovery Environment: Arlene is in a good environment that could enable her to effectively recover; this is owing to the fact that her husband is very supportive and want to see her change (Jongsma & Perkinson, 2013)
6. The Environment for Recovery- there will be an assessment of the necessity for services for her family, her spouse, and whether she needs residential services, financial, legal or even the services for childcare (Jongsma & Perkinson, 2013)
Mental illness is typified by constant drug cravings, compulsive behavior, the searching for and continued use of drugs to such an extent that the person's brain function is affected. The changes that are brought about in the structure of the brain by drugs, are the same ones that are affected in certain mental illnesses like schizophrenia and depression (National Institute on Drug Abuse & United States of America, 2008)
These needs may be for work, a place of residence, and food and clothing. This may all come to light during her assessment (Sacks, Ries, Ziedonis & Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 2005)