By addressing a critical analysis of the research studies of the past, the author avoided the requirements that would have been needed when it came to working with study participants or human subjects. Still, an analysis of the studies done by other researchers does provide a great deal of information, specifically for how other researchers have approached the issue and whether cognitive behavioral theory has been shown to work in the past (Bergeron, et al
Female Sexual Pain Disorders and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy The article addressed here deals with female sexual pain disorders and the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to treat those disorders. These disorders are much more prevalent than many people would assume, and this is a serious concern for women and for the medical community (LoFrisco, 2011)
Although women are more open about their sexuality than they used to be, there are many areas of sexual health they still do not discuss and may not feel comfortable addressing with a partner or even with their doctor. The research into sexual pain disorders in women is very valuable because of the taboo and because it is important to let women know that these disorders exist and that there is more they can do to seek help for them (Van Lankveld, et al
They stress the necessity to continue the research in the field of testing with older participants, using sample faces that vary in age, for example. The ethnic match factor is another important element that the authors pinpoint as potentially decisive or inconclusive in establishing a diagnosis: "In the "other-race effect," memory and perceptual discrimination is poorer for faces not of the participant's race than for own race faces" (Bowles, McKone, Dawel, Duchaine, Palermo, Schmalzl, Rivolta, Wilson, Yovel, 2009)
The very "human" nature of this ability makes the research even more difficult since studies on animals are limited to the perception of objects, faces among them, but not specific, and their reaction responses in specific parts of the brain. In this sense, Sperry makes an interesting observation: the distinction between apperceptive and associative prosopagnosia has been made more than a century ago, when Lissauer concluded that there are patients who "are unable to match or copy a picture presented to them" (apperceptive prosopagnosia), along with others that "fail to recognize objects or pictures in spite of adequate visual capacity" and their "ability to copy accurately an object or picture even if unable to appreciate its name or nature" (Sperry, ed
Neil Martin was drawing another interesting conclusion in the chapter dedicated to prosopagnosia, in his book Human Neuropsychology: "to date, prosopagnosia has never occurred in pure form, i.e. without associated perceptual deficits" (Martin, 2006)
At the beginning of the twenty-first century, in the field of cognitive neuroscience, the research dedicated to prosopagnosia focuses on the brain regions where the process of recognizing faces takes place. Following fMRI studies on humans, researchers have observed that "within ventral temporal cortex" there is "a discrete region in the middle fusiform gyrus, the fusiform face area (FFA), that responds preferentially to faces as compared to assorted common objects"(Marotta, Genovese, Behrmann, 2001)
To date, there is no treatment for prosopagnosia, just alleviation methods. Mindick makes a point in admitting that since researches have shown over the years that the incidence of the condition may be as high as over two percent of the total population, even higher in some regions, prosopagnosia may be accepted as "simply another manifestation of the cognitive diversity that characterizes us as a species, and the opportunity to address it a chance to act on our understanding of the talent differences crucial to our communities"(Mindick, 2011) There is no doubt that the research in the field of the visual impairment known as prosopagnosia is extremely complex due to its numerous forms of manifestation, its various degrees in severity, its association (most case) with other visual impairments, its acquired or developmental, associative vs
Orthorexia Nervosa Orthorexia nervosa is an eating disorder often described as an obsession about healthy eating. It begins as an innocent attempt to maintain a healthy body weight, which over time escalates into an obsession (serious dedication) about healthy eating (Marcason)
The authors conclude "Findings indicate that concerns about the possible adverse effects of dieting should not dissuade overweight and obese individuals from pursuing weight loss." (Wadden et al
Also, a test known as the DERS indicated that there was a significant difference in these two populations in their ability to regulate their emotions, with the women with eating disorders demonstrating less ability to do so than that of their counterparts. Lastly, it is significant to note that participants underwent clinical testing to ensure that there were parallels between the groups "regarding age, IQ score estimated using the NART, or years of education" (Harrison et al
Among the identified psychological disorders in the field of abnormal psychology, it is anxiety disorder that can be said as the most common yet unexplored category. The reason for this is that although anxiety disorders are more frequently experienced, this area has not been thoroughly explored, especially in determining its etiology and forms of effective treatment (Barlow, 2000:2529)
Anxiety disorder, particularly panic disorder, has been analyzed and developed in the context of prevailing theories at specific times in the history of abnormal psychology. One theory from which panic disorder has been identified and analyzed is through the cognitive theoretical perspective, which explained panic disorder as a combination of heightened "internal bodily sensations," such as "catastrophic thoughts" that are then translated to increased bodily sensations, manifested finally as a panic attack (Bouton, 2001:5)
Alcohol dependence is one of the toughest disorders to beat and this is in part because of the physical addiction that develops. Certain researchers have been able to shed more light on this as a whole, studying how the intensity of withdrawal symptoms can increase after repeated episodes, as a result of the kindling process (Becker, 1998)
It is well established that people who become dependent on alcohol have a high mortality rate from suicide. The evidence is derived mainly from follow-up studies of clinically identified alcoholics and from retrospective studies of suicides" (Kendall, 1983)
Societal Concerns or Issues Related to the Topic Other specialists and the field have illuminated that alcohol often goes hand in hand with crime, thus illuminating how it not only heightens inhibitions, but can also contribute to lack of inhibitions, particularly the inhibitions of human behavior that generally keep people safe. Just as small amounts of alcohol create a sense of pleasure and well-being, too much can cause physical and mental tolerance and eventually impairment (Klein & Thorne, 2006)
The evidence is derived mainly from follow-up studies of clinically identified alcoholics and from retrospective studies of suicides" (Kendall, 1983). With time, other studies have managed to be more conclusive: alcohol consumption is strongly connected with suicide, even in those who had no earlier psychiatric history (Sher, 2006)
e., tender nodule with blue discoloration on the upper pole of the testis)" (Ringdahl & Teague 2014)
Some symptoms of gall bladder disorders include nausea or vomiting, pain in the upper abdomen or between the shoulders, abdominal bloating, continued intolerance of fatty foods, and gas and/or indigestion (Comforth). Patients may also notice a fever, or slight jaundice (yellow skin or whites of the eyes) (Bartel)
Gall bladders can suffer several disorders, such as gallstones, gall bladder sludge, infection and inflammation, and even cancer. Some symptoms of gall bladder disorders include nausea or vomiting, pain in the upper abdomen or between the shoulders, abdominal bloating, continued intolerance of fatty foods, and gas and/or indigestion (Comforth)