The storming of the city took place at the ninth hour on a Friday, which was the hour of the Passion of Christ. (Atiya 61) Most of the Muslim and Jewish inhabitants of the city were massacred in the aftermath of the crusader's victory
The Crusaders were unable to reach Jerusalem or threaten any of the Muslim power bases; they instead decided to turn their attention to the Byzantine capital and attacked and plundered Constantinople. (Irwin 44-45; Rosenthal, Section on "Crusades of the 12th century") Consequences There is no unanimity of views about the consequences of the Crusades
The hatred had been further reinforced through the tales of mutilation and torture of Christians by Muslim warlords -- most of which were exaggerations or outright lies-- brought back by the pilgrims who had traveled to Jerusalem as pilgrims. (Gore 1) Pope Urban II had recently assumed a position of prominence in European politics following the papal reforms in Church
Appalling pogroms against the Jews took place, and from then onwards anti-Semitism and prosecution of Jews became a feature of most crusades that followed. (Lloyd 36) Such bands of crusaders, led by men like Peter the Hermit, were the first to form and depart, in the spring of 1096
Kilij Arslan, having seen saw how easily his army had defeated the Frank invaders at minimal cost, grossly underestimated at his great cost the much more disciplined and formidable European crusading armies that followed. (McFall 5, "Ill-Fated Crusade
" Urban went on to recount how the "unclean" Muslims had tortured and killed their fellow Christians, defiled and destroyed the churches of God and dismembered the kingdom of the Greeks. (Robinson, 312) The Franks were then exhorted to avenge the wrongs perpetrated by the Muslims and to recover the lands that rightfully belonged to the Christians
This crusade led to the capture of Constantinople instead of Jerusalem. The crusades that followed were considered to have minor effects; however we can still see that there was a great passion and a deep rooted belief within each of the crusades that their faith was the only true faith and demonstrated the lengths each side was willing to go in order to spread their beliefs (Rooney, & Miller, 2012)
Since they had accomplished nothing they ended up going back home. Despite the presence of a string German and French division the crusade was not able to accomplish anything (Bush, 2009) The third crusade took place 1189 to 1192 and was due to Jerusalem being captured by Muslim world led by Saladin who was devout in fasting and praying, very hostile towards non-believers and very proud
It also found its way to art as artists and patrons from different backgrounds and traditions were brought together and ended up creating new forms of expression. The mosaics, frescos and sculptures were a reflection of the blend of western which was the catholic and eastern which was Eastern Christian traditions, Religious fervor was an important factor in arousing Christians to organize these military expeditions since they had the hope of gaining immense riches as well as increased power (Hammond, 2010)
Around the time of the First Crusade it was becoming increasingly common for convicted felons to suffer death or mutilation, a departure from the traditional emphasis on compensating the victims or their families Brutality was so common it could be ritualistic. (Bull, 1999, p
They also conquered part of the Byzantine Empire. (Corrick, James
And in the end, the crusaders gained land, not religious glory. " (Haas, L
They at times committed incredible acts of cruelty." (Renick, 2005, p
war-pilgrimages proclaimed by the Popes on Christ's behalf and waged for the recovery of Christian territory or people, or in their defense." (Riley-Smith, J
war-pilgrimages proclaimed by the Popes on Christ's behalf and waged for the recovery of Christian territory or people, or in their defense." (Riley-Smith, J
Crusades: Religious and Political Antecedents The Crusades The Medieval Crusades represented an attempt by Western European Christians to retake and hold the city of Jerusalem, in part because it was the birthplace of Jesus (Hansen & Curtis, 2014, p
The First Crusade (1096 to 1099) was extraordinary because 50,000 combatants left their homes in France, Germany, and Spain and trekked close to 2,000 miles to reclaim dominion over Jerusalem. The only pay the fighters could expect were the spoils of war and God's favor, but the religious fervor of the period provided the social impetus that would drive these men and their families to seek piety through the act of warfare (Rubenstein, 2011, p
King Louis IX announced the Seventh Crusade in 1245 AD following the Mamluks capture of Jerusalem the previous year. As this leader raised money from church tithes, the crusade was directed towards attacking Egypt from Cyprus where the King had sailed to in 1248 (Carr par, 2)
Notably, this crusade was organized by the King when he was sailing from Aigues-Mortes to initially help the remnants of the crusader states in Syria. However, it was later re-directed to Tunis where King Louis stayed for only two months before his death (Frater par, 11)
Analysis of the Seventh Crusade: Since the Fifth Crusade, the Seventh Crusade was the biggest exertion of military power as its leader was persuaded by the prevailing disastrous situation. While Saint Louis quickly captured the Egyptian port of Damietta, managing the march towards Cairo was the main challenge that confounded this crusade like the previous one (Housley, p