Considering the higher industry average, this is a worrying trend. The return on total assets is often a good measure of how effective an entity's management is when it comes to the generation of profits using the assets of the firm (Graham, Smart, and Megginson, 2009)
While the net present value gives the numerical value, the internal rate of return gives a percentage value. It has been argued that by giving a single percentage measure there is a simpler concept for comparison, especially by individuals who are not fully aware of the way in which calculations take place and the meaning of a net present value (Evans and Forbes, 1993, p89)
The key in understanding how an assessment can add value to a firm is to look at the way assessment may lead to a better decision making process which helps to optimize either the desired returns, or further the organizational goals. For every investment chosen there is likely to be an associated opportunity cost (Heymann and Bloom, 1990, p7)
After calculating each years' net revenue in present value terms, they are added together and the initial investment is deducted. The equation which may be used is PV = FV / (1+r) n (Kruschwitz and Loeffler, 2005, p80)
Payback period The payback period assessment is one of the most simple. This method simply takes the net revenues of the project, looking at the accumulated total to determine at which point the initial investment is recouped (Weetman, 2010, p263)
But because Vietnam has connected with internationalization, there have been many new matters that have come up. These issues have included: intellectual property rights, food safety rules, strikes, stock market, and therefore the issue of business ethics has became more accepted in society (Anh, 2008)
And aid agencies have often protested about cash disappearing. In one swindle, transport ministry officials handling World Bank projects were caught betting millions of dollars from project funds on European football competitions (Chhabara, 2008)
The first stage to clearness in looking at social responsibility of business is to question exactly what it indicates and for whom. Seemingly, the people who are to be accountable are business people, which consist of distinct owners or corporate managers (Friedman, 1970)
Consequently, the proximity of anxiety for managing shareholders, not the wide anxiety of opposing media contemplation, seems to be the driving forces to increase discretionary disclosure as a suitability management approach. In relation to corporate governance make ups, the arrangement of the board is found to have a considerable bearing on disclosure, signifying that executive directors will sometimes fight the reporting of certain information (Jinghui and Taylor, 2008) Another way to deal with these issues would be to implement a Stewardship Code like what has been done in the UK
Several think this to be the essential price paid for financial development. Many rival the worst forms of commercial conduct; as if doing so were a precondition for achievement (Longstaff, 1995)
Vinashin's distresses highlight the lack of transparency, weak responsibility and deprived corporate governance in Vietnam, which is still in the initial phases of transitioning from a centrally strategic to a market-based economy. Vinashin became stuck in debt as it made uncertain investments in a number of businesses, including motorbikes and power plants that were external of the company's central shipbuilding expertise (Murray, 2010)
Yet, they have been conscious that the greatest operational business culture should be genuinely entrenched in the nationwide culture. With this rational, the idea of national conversation has been shaped, according to which, worldwide businesses have united their welfares with the business culture of the host nation (Oanh, 2007)
S. athletes and keeps the business in poor third world nations where employees are remunerated very little and are not sheltered by labor laws (Sampley, 1997)
Advocates of corporate culture as a tool propose that bureaucratic control should be substituted with culture control in that the management of rewards should be exchanged for the management of culture comprising principles, philosophies, language, ceremonial and legend. This procedure of socialization can comprise: selection at entrance level that makes applicants ask if they are good enough; humility-inducing familiarities in the first months; advancement tied to established record; consideration to corporate values and strengthening legend (Van den Berghe and Levrau, 2004)
fiu.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/ Financial Markets and Corporate Finance Financial Markets and Corporate Finance Name of author Name of College/University Financial Markets and Corporate Finance In the first week of September of 2010, $51 billion of new corporate bond and leveraged loans hit the market and investors were eager to take them (Gongloff, 2010)
Through positioning a product creates an image for itself. Alka-Seltzer is competitively priced because it is a medication that offers remedies to medical conditions that its competitors in the market like the Vicks NyQuil does not (Bhasin, 2011)
(Nomura Fixed Income Research, 2004) [footnoteRef:6] The key players in the sub-prime mortgage crisis included those of: (1) sub-prime borrowers; (2) mortgage brokers; (3) lenders/originators; (4) servicers; (5) trust special purpose entities; (6) underwrites; (7) rating agencies; and (8) investors. (Kirk, nd)[footnoteRef:7] The sub-prime mortgage crisis is the term used to describe "the deterioration of the U
It is reported that "the assumption that ratings are timely and relatively stable…[is]…implicit in the investment decision." (Kolb, 2010)[footnoteRef:10] According to Kolb (2010) the primary weaknesses in risk assessment and risk modeling were due to an overreliance on: (1) misleading ratings from rating agencies; (2) unrealistically simple risk models; (3) inaccurate data; and (4) short-term financing with too little consideration for liquidity risk
The fact that the military did not have enough personnel to address these different challenges; meant that private security contractors would begin to play a more important role, after Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom (the initial invasions of Iraq / Afghanistan). (Crofford, 2006) This is important, because the different cut backs and shortages of personnel; would mean that the use of private security contractors would become very common
Out of this number, 38% of respondents said that they felt private security contractors have no respect for local or international law. (Dunnigan, 2010) This is important, because it shows how private security contractors have less accountability when working with government