In fact, as of 1977, it appeared that public opinion agreed with the outcome of this case. When schools called home to inform parents regarding their child's paddling, the typical response was noted to be: "Give him a good one and spare me the trouble" (Kalwary)
S. military; yet, it continued to thrive in our classrooms (Merlis 1)
In the United States, familiar forms of corporal punishment include slapping, spanking, and paddling of the buttocks while more cruel and abusive forms include piercing the skin with straight pins, hitting with blunt objects, breaking bones, painful limb contortions, excessive exercise, and even smacking across the genitals (Lynn). Despite the fact that corporal punishment has been outlawed in nearly every first world country except for the United States, we have retained it as a form of punishment in approximately 21 states and is used often in 13 of these states as of the date of this paper (Sabo)
In fact, recent studies reveal that corporal punishment causes serious physical and psychological harm to large numbers of children; and, moreover, that each year thousands of children require medical treatment due to corporal punishment administered in the school context. Furthermore, these injuries have lead to numerous costly lawsuits against the offending school districts (Sommer)
According to the Americans with Civil Liberties Union, nearly a quarter of a million children were subjected to corporal punishment in public schools in the U.S. during the 2006-2007 academic year (Stephey)
The work entitled: "Ending Corporal Punishment: Swedish Experience of Efforts to Prevent All Forms of Violence Against Children - and the Results" states that the purpose of criminalization of all forms of corporal punishment and use of corporal punishment in all places throughout the world is not to punish and prosecute more parents but instead to satisfy human rights by providing children with the satisfaction of human rights through "giving children equal protection of their physical integrity and human dignity." (Hindberg, 2001) This sends out a message that is clear concerning the wrongful nature of hitting a child in that it shows it is just as wrong as hitting someone else and therefore provides consistency in child protection and education of the public in the promotion of positive forms of discipline
Correspondingly, this has thwarted the participation of youth in institutions such as schools where educational policy does always reflect international commitments." (Johnny, 2005) the following research in this present study and reported in this work in writing is of the nature that specifically investigates the obligations of Canada and Canada's record in regards to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in relation to corporal punishment
The Straus residence was no exception, with the father of two occasionally reacting to their misbehavior with a swat to the bottom. But times have changed, and so has Straus' perception of spanking (Harder, 2007)
This paper examines the changing views of spanking for punishment over the past few decades and argues that its use has become outdated. History Historically, the use of corporal punishment as a child has been alternately supported then discarded with each passing decade (Stewart, 2002)
Also, questions of race and religion, if certain races or religions are more apt to spank demands further analysis, although most 'pro-spanking' groups tend to be evangelical, southern, and Protestant in focus, reflecting the demographic composition, in short, of states where spanking is still tolerated in schools. Of the data that does exist regarding demographics, boys are more apt to receive corporal punishment for the same infractions than girls, and African-American boys are more apt to be spanked than Caucasian females a rate of 16:1 (Gregory 1995, p
5% of students. The highest number was in Texas, with 48,197 students" (More than 200,000 kids spanked at school, 2008, CNN
One mother from the southern state of Arkansas wrote a popular educational columnist to note that in her state corporal punishment was commonly used. The mother hastened to add that she "wouldn't have a problem with it if it was used correctly (as a last resort, with the parents' knowledge and participation)" but worried it was often used for minor infractions, such as "not having homework and supplies" (Starr 2002)
Torture has been practiced since the early beginnings of civilization. The accounts of torture practice in Ancient Greece, Rome and in particularly Egypt are important for pointing out that torturous means have been used to erect the great symbols of the ancient world (Berstein and Milza, 1994) These included forced working, indecent behavior and treatment as well as slavery
In this sense, there are those who argue that the use of torture is benefic for the fight against terrorism and as a tool for the retrieval of information. Therefore, the Department of State considers that the use of constrains must "must be equivalent in intensity to the pain accompanying serious physical injury, such as organ failure, impairment of bodily function, or even death" (Priest and Smith, 2004)
The early 20th century Hague conventions on the rights of the prisoners of war as well as the rights of the non-combatant forces aimed precisely at limiting this type of behavior. However, the examples from the Second World War as well as the torture cases from the Cold War proved that there was not enough legal and political power to undergo an important change of attitude against the doctrine of human rights (Russbach, 1994)
The current situation in many schools is that students are often not punished for many of the transgressions that they undertake (Urbonya, 2001). Punishment, or negative reinforcement as it is sometimes called, often describes discipline practices which are both experienced by the teachers during childhood and passed on to the children that they now teach (Adams, Treiman, & Pressley, 1998)
Other states have abolished the practice entirely. There is so much concern anymore about whether or not something is abusive to a child that actual discipline such as spanking has been entirely removed from many school districts and states (Block, 2000)
It is for this reason that appropriate management techniques must be used within the classroom setting. Educators must look at having both healthy environments and safe environments if they want their students to enjoy their learning experience and if they want the programs that they utilize to be effective (Brophy, 1982)
Love without discipline is harmful for children because they do not learn the boundaries that they need, but disciplining a child without love can also be very harmful because children then begin to feel that they are worthless and that their parents do not love or even like them (Illingworth, 48; McIntosh, 112). Once a child has been punished it is also important to ensure that the child is reassured that he or she is valued as a member of the family and that he or she has been forgiven for the misbehavior (Gardner, 231)
However, students that feel more comfortable about who they are and what they are learning, and students that feel as though their instructor is genuinely concerned for them and attempting to take care of them appropriately will be more likely to feel comfortable with who they are and what they are doing (Getty, 1985). One type of class that is attempting to utilize these management techniques and make them work deals with arts and dance (Gilbert, 1992)