Because of this negative stigma, and because traditional images of sports are largely perceived as incompatible with traditional roles for women, female athletes are likely to be discouraged from participating in sports activities in colleges and universities, due to numerous factors, including gender conflict and discrimination. For many years, women have played sports for various reasons, including the simple reason that they enjoyed the pleasures and challenges of athletics (Cahn, 1999)
The 1972 legislation, one of 13 amendments to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, launched revolution in the way that federally funded schools treat women in athletic programs. It simply states (Funk, 2002): "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance
Women's Sports Women's participation in college sports has increased significantly since Title IX was passed in 1972, but research fails to show that female athletes get the status, respect and approval that athletic participation brings to males (Royce, Gebelt and Duff, 2001)
Almost everyone -- except perhaps for the cut players -- would say that's fair. But what happens when a university cuts an entire team of male players to make room for women? Is that fair?" This is a popular question in athletics departments as they try to comply with Title IX standard and create an equitable situation for female athletes (Suggs, 1999)
Future research could also examine other variables that may affect prioritization of recreational and sports facilities, including residence status, ethnicity, and whether the students involved fund their own schooling through earned income or if their schooling is funded by parents, scholarship, etc. (Milton, 1998)
This is true not just in the United States. Internationally, there has yet to exist a forum where colleges from around the globe can compete, since it is rather difficult to determine the athletic status of colleges in different cultures and educational systems (Abbey-Pinegar, 351)
College sports seem to have a "professional" aspect to them now. The college arena, particularly with sports like football and basketball, has become much more watched and followed by the main stream public and provides many colleges with tens of millions of revenue dollars each year (Baird, 217)
The term "student athlete" has been somewhat of a propaganda term used to legitimize the relationship between schools and their students who also play on the field. (Staurowski and Sack, 104)
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