Among the many approaches that have been espoused by these researchers, Twelve-step facilitation (TSF) (Nowinski et al. 1995), Motivational enhancement therapy (Miller et al
Laboratory findings have proved cue exposure approach as a very effective approach in preventing a relapse in patient. It is noted that with consistent exposure of the patient to this stimuli and disallowing the use of alcohol, that stimuli will lose its ability to initiate the urge to take it (Monti, Abrams, Kadden and Cooney, 1989)
Recent studies indicate that sex offenders often deny any involvement in the sexual offense, and may even continue to deny critical aspects of their offense after conviction (Denton, Konopasky, & Street, 1994). As a result, offenders are likely to show resistance to accepting treatment and quick to succumb to the denial of their sexual deviations (Brake & Shannon, 1997)
Research on cognition supported the contention that offenders must overcome both internal and external inhibitions as well as the resistance of the victim in order for abuse to occur (Finkelhor, 1984). Further research indicated that that the personality constructs commonly used to differentiate sexual offenders were less useful to clinicians than problem focused dimensions such as denial, sexual arousal, sexual fantasies, cognitive distortions, social sexual deficits, and other psychological and social problems (Conte, 1985)
This article will describe the benefits and limits of psychoanalytical and cognitive therapy while contrasting the use of these theories in treating sex offenders. Background of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy & Sex Offender Treatment Clinical interest in issues of denial and accountability in sexual offenders can be traced as far back as the 1960s and 1970s (Cowden & Morse, 1970)
As with any remedial measure in individuals, the effectiveness of these approaches rests in part on the offender's cooperation and dedication to the treatment process. Recent studies indicate that sex offenders often deny any involvement in the sexual offense, and may even continue to deny critical aspects of their offense after conviction (Denton, Konopasky, & Street, 1994)
Accountability and denial are interrelated and should be approached as treatment targets rather than treatment obstacles. These basic principles laid the foundations for the acknowledgment of the role of cognition in explaining sexual abuse (Finkelhor, 1984)
Accountability and denial are interrelated and should be approached as treatment targets rather than treatment obstacles. These basic principles laid the foundations for the acknowledgment of the role of cognition in explaining sexual abuse (Finkelhor, 1984)
There is as yet no evidence that sexual attraction of any sort can be altered. An Analyzation of Both Approaches Some studies suggest that sex offender treatment use multiple methods since offenders tend to have many problems (Langevin, 1983)
Background of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy & Sex Offender Treatment Clinical interest in issues of denial and accountability in sexual offenders can be traced as far back as the 1960s and 1970s (Cowden & Morse, 1970). The origin of cognitive behavioral therapy dates back to the late 1970's, as the dominant approach to the treatment of sexual offenders (Marshall & Barbaree, 1990)
Background of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy & Sex Offender Treatment Clinical interest in issues of denial and accountability in sexual offenders can be traced as far back as the 1960s and 1970s (Cowden & Morse, 1970). The origin of cognitive behavioral therapy dates back to the late 1970's, as the dominant approach to the treatment of sexual offenders (Marshall & Barbaree, 1990)
Further research indicated that that the personality constructs commonly used to differentiate sexual offenders were less useful to clinicians than problem focused dimensions such as denial, sexual arousal, sexual fantasies, cognitive distortions, social sexual deficits, and other psychological and social problems (Conte, 1985). Other studies conceptualized cognitive distortions to consist of rationalizations developed by offenders prior to and during offending to justify their continued abuse of children (Murphy, 1990)
The Role of Denial in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy In the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s, several classes of denial were created primarily based on clinical observations of different types and degrees of denial (Brake & Shannon, 1997). More recently, studies have been conducted to verify the existence of these various forms of denial through the creation of a self-report measure (Schneider & Wright, 2001)
The result is a procedure that is essentially highly moralistic and reflects the judgmental emotional response of the society. Treating people with disordered behavior patterns as morally defective and requiring a change in moral commitments has a long history (Siegler & Osmond, 1974)
Some research centered on the differentiation of two levels of accountability which were represented by absolute denial and various forms of minimization. Refutation provides a mechanism for completely alleviating the offender from having to take any responsibility for the offense (Terry & Tallon, 2002)
Two medications that are used to treat sleep problems, though they are not specifically sleep aids, are quetiapine and prazosin. Quetiapine is an antipsychotic and prazosin is an alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist (Byers et al
For example, recent studies have revealed significant differences in treatment response for PTSD in OEF/OIF veterans when compared to Vietnam veterans. Not surprisingly, given that OEF/OIF veterans are more recently coming from combat scenarios, they tend to have higher levels of PTSD symptoms at initial assessment than Vietnam veterans (Chard et al
Hassija and Gray investigated the relative efficacy of cognitive and exposure treatment to PTSD, focusing on whether the addition of cognitive restructuring to exposure therapy enhanced the cognitive changes one receives from the exposure therapy (2010). What they discovered was that cognitive restructuring could be beneficial for some symptoms of PTSD, specifically for guilt symptoms and detachment, and could enhance cognitive change (Hassija & Gray, 2010)
The above information is particularly relevant when one considers that the Veterans Administration actively promotes two particular and distinct treatments for PTSD: CPT and PE. The vast majority of VA facilities currently offer either CPT or PE, with many of them (72%) offering both types of therapy (Karlin et al
, 2010). This is critical because therapeutic alliance has shown to have an impact on how likely a patient is to complete the homework assignments that are seen as a critical component to successful PE therapy (Keller et al