Cognitive behavioral therapy on the other hand integrates the behavioral and cognitive component and asserts that it is thought and behavior that directs the individual and therefore the cousinly helps the client investigate thought that is driving his actions. View of Human nature Whilst Adlerian psychology has a psychodynamic view of human nature, namely that certain aspects of the individual are beyond his control and ordained by fate (as for instance abusive parenting, handicaps and so forth) (Ehrenwald, 1991), CBT has a more positive attitude, seeing future of the client to lie within his endeavors
View of Human nature Whilst Adlerian psychology has a psychodynamic view of human nature, namely that certain aspects of the individual are beyond his control and ordained by fate (as for instance abusive parenting, handicaps and so forth) (Ehrenwald, 1991), CBT has a more positive attitude, seeing future of the client to lie within his endeavors. All client needs to do is decide his direction, control his thoughts, negotiate and slant them to meet his ends, engineer his environment and actions so that they meet these objectives (Robertson, 2010) -- and client can control his future
Theorists who have influenced personal theoretical orientation The two theories that have mainly influenced me are Adlerian therapy ( created by Alfred Adler, a student of Freud) and cognitive behavioral therapy (largely but not exclusively created by Beck and premised on a behavioral tradition). Adlerian therapy believes that the individual is largely guided and propelled by feelings of self-esteem and that lack of this can result in mental illness (Slavik, & King, 2007)
For anxiety disorders, CBT is seen as the primary treatment of choice and has been used for years. In the case of bulimia nervosa, CBT has been associated with reductions in negative behaviors and negative though processes (Phillips & Rogers, 2011)
In CBT, there needs to be clearly defined roles for both the client and the therapist. Both are active participants, the therapist is the educator, instructing the client about cognitive models that are utilized to comprehend the etiology and the upkeep of the client's specific problems (Roth, Eng,&Heimberg, 2002)
The fact that she is seeking help is enough evidence of her willingness to change; thus, despite there being challenges, she will recover gradually. The treatment will address the depression first, and then the anxieties as they both have a relation (Wells, 2011)
"By modifying attention and memory functions, affective bias, and maladaptive information processing, CBT teaches patients cognitive strategies to reduce automatic reactivity to negative thoughts. Unlike this top-down approach, which focuses on cortical brain areas and uses thought processes to change abnormal mood states; drug therapy is considered to be a bottom-up approach because it changes neurochemistry in the brain stem and limbic regions effecting basic emotional and circadian behaviors" (Barclay, 2004)
The study showed that depressed people whose MRI scans show certain brain reactions to negative stimuli are more frequently assisted by cognitive behavior therapy. If these findings can be corroborated by other studies, health care professionals may be able to forecast what therapies will be most effectual for individual people by utilizing imaging technology and avoiding the drawn out trial and error procedure that is frequently needed to find the correct treatment (Fahy, 2006)
Just as Chaney vacillated between acceptance and denial, others have the same difficulty in accepting their condition. Just as she found out the difficulties in managing withdrawal from alcohol and accepting that she was powerless over her addiction, but has managed to maintain her sobriety for several decades, others can certainly identify with her circumstances and find strength in her resilience (Allen & Mayfield, 1976)
With that being said, it would seem more prudent at this juncture to focus on her sobriety and address any lingering issues from the PTSD as it is a disabling and chronic condition exacerbated by alcoholism (McCarthy & Petrakis, 2010). Cognitive behavioral therapy is a broad term that encompasses many interventions designed to change thought processes and understanding regarding situations and behaviors (Ehlers, 2003)
It appears that she has been significantly assessed in order for determinations to be made with regard to clinical diagnosis. With that being said, it would seem more prudent at this juncture to focus on her sobriety and address any lingering issues from the PTSD as it is a disabling and chronic condition exacerbated by alcoholism (McCarthy & Petrakis, 2010)
Among the behaviours that are thought to promote counter transference management are; utilizing supervision, being in therapy, reflecting on sessions and fully meeting one's needs (Graybeal, 2014). Therapist characteristics or qualities that have been discovered to help in regulating counter transference are empathy, integration, conceptual skills, anxiety management and self-insight (DeJong & Berg, 1998; Morrison, 2007)
Counter transference, thus, in a way, opens a door enabling visualization of the patient's life and the therapist's own life and the life that the two share in the treatment process. It enables a therapist to get a firsthand experience of what thoughts or feelings their clients are communicating unconsciously (Drisko, 2014; Zayas et al
Similarly, as argued by Nye (2006), the therapist's inner experiences often offer a useful pathway to understanding the patient's inner experiences. Moreover, careful sharing of these useful inner experiences with a patient can strengthen the working relationship and thus improve the therapy outcome (Graybeal, 2014)
Awareness of this fact allowed K to be less self-critical of herself, this is because she realised that her problems could be attributed to different factors instead of solely on herself. She also became aware that the active negative schemas were directly associated with her childhood experiences and thus her 'feeling like a girl', feeling emotionally overwhelmed or out of control were rational actions for her when the negative schemas were active (Harper, 2013)
The utilization of humour is encouraged in CBT but it must however be driven by the clinicians' evaluation of the kind of therapy style that is best suited for the client (Nye, 2006; MacLaren, 2008). Making fun of an aspect of the client's problem (not the client himself) can help shed light on the project and develop the clinician-client relationship (MacLaren, 2008)
With practice, CBT trainees and clinicians can create their own ways of applying the technique. The utilization of humour is encouraged in CBT but it must however be driven by the clinicians' evaluation of the kind of therapy style that is best suited for the client (Nye, 2006; MacLaren, 2008)
Most of these jobs were cut short due to her depression episodes. At the time of the psychological evaluation, she had not worked for quite a number of years and had only a handful of social contacts (Ponniah & Hollon, 2008; Harper, 2013; Morrison, 2007)
Positive Self Data log Another method that was utilized to bring about a positive sense of self was the incorporation of a positive self-log that followed the one proposed by Harper (2013). And again, the concept of schema as self-prejudice (Priyamvada, Kumari, Prakash & Chaudhury, 2009), and the function of the negative self as a 'lens' to see or experience life provided the reason for the use of a positive self-data log
For example, a patient's posture of "what should I do?" can result in a therapist giving advice, helping the patient think through alternatives, or turning the question back to the patient, all reactions depending on whether the counter transferential response of the therapist is: one of pity, is he or she doesn't have the experience of being forced to act immediately; one of confidence if he or she desires to become more analytical or; one of impatience if he or she wants to stay dependent. In summary, therapists will have significant insight into the manner in which they need to organize their work with patients by decoding their own counter transference (Teresa, Andrae, Nicole & April, 2013; Graybeal, 2014)