Civil War Confederates in the Attic Tony Horwitz's book "Confederates in the Attic: Dispatches from the Unfinished Civil War," tells a tale that still plagues the South today, and many other writers concur with his view. As one writer states, "Even at 13 I understood there was something very different about the way that people in the North and in the South view the war" (Rider)
Constitution also allowed the import of new slaves into the country until 1808. (Berkowitz and Moran, 2006)
The Contrasting Economies of the North and South: The Southern States were such passionate supporters of slavery because their economies were heavily dependant on slave labor who worked in large numbers on cotton plantations. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 further strengthened the institution of slavery in the South as growing of cotton became more profitable and greater numbers of slaves were required for planting, weeding, and picking the cotton crop (Epperson 2003)
The tensions between the North and the South went up another notch when the Senate passed the 'Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854' which repealed the prohibition of slavery in the territories north of 36° 30' latitude previously agreed in the 'Missouri Compromise.' In reaction to the repealing of the Missouri Compromise, antislavery groups formed a new party (called the Republican Party) that was committed to containing slavery (Gallagher, 2006)
It employed 'free labor' and considered slavery as 'unfair competition.' (Spicer 2004) The northern states also attracted a large number of immigrants from Europe who were attracted by greater employment opportunities
Women had to qualify to become war nurses and staff in some cases Dorothea Dix was renowned as a reformer of prisons and asylums, but when the Civil War was launched, she became involved in "hastily organized" military hospitals. She was soon appointed to be the "Superintendent of Female Nurses" by the Secretary of the War Department, Cameron, in 1861 (Brockett, et al
"Be not afraid of fatigue," Child suggested on page 6. And those "troubled with cold feet" should "dip their feet in cold water, as soon as they are out of bed, all the year round" (Child, 6)
This paper delves into the role nurses played in the Civil War (both Caucasian and Black nurses), the way in which the Civil War changed the woman's work roles, the role women (both Black and Caucasian) played before, during, and after the war, and the terrible injustices thrust on women of color in a number of instances throughout the 19th century. The Woman's role in America prior to the Civil War "A woman's work is never done," is an old maxim but it has never become out of date; indeed, because it has more than a ring of truth to it, it has been used often in the 217 years since Martha Moore Ballard penned it in her journal one November night around midnight in 1795 (Cott, 1997, p
Taylor treated sick and wounded soldiers for Company E. At the Union Army camp, and helped many soldiers learn to read and write (Davis, 1999l, p
Her great-grandmother had left her home during the Revolutionary War and provided nursing care to wounded soldiers for both the British and Patriot troops. Her great-grandfathers -- four of them -- had fought in the Battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill (Deckert, 2006, p
The Woman's role in the American Family in the 19th century Author Carl Degler points out that after the Civil War, for most women their tasks were still domestic. "The primary role of the wife was the care of children and the maintenance of the home" (Degler, 1980, p
The emotional pains those Black women experienced were greatly heightened by the thirty-seven thousand Black Union soldiers who were killed in the war. Meanwhile, while the war was underway, many of the Black wives served as "unofficial recruiters for the Union army" (Frank, 2008, p
Black Nurses and Yellow Fever in Philadelphia In the book The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family, author Annette Gordon-Reed explains that Thomas Jefferson's decision to leave Philadelphia and move to the country in 1793 may have saved his life. That is because five months after Jefferson left Philadelphia, people were coming down with "…a mysterious illness that caused severe headaches and backaches, along with a high fever" (Gordon-Reed, 2009, p
McPherson's book, Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era, goes into great detail about all the conditions in the South and the North that led to war, but he also discusses wages, trades, and how women were treated who were able to work outside the home in the private sector in the 1840s (most women were expected to stay home and do domestic chores). The wages of male artisans had been quite high in the mid-1800s, but they plunged in certain occupations due to the "…introduction of new methods or new machines" that could do the work more efficiently and for less money (McPherson, 2003, p
The middle class Caucasian hospital worker (nurse, orderly, and other volunteers) believed that "…the confidence government had bestowed in them by allowing, however reluctantly," to become involved, would continue to give them additional opportunities. For those hospital nurses and other volunteers, once the war was ended they believed that they now had a chance to "build on the advocacy the war had served up to them" (Schultz, 2004, p
Benjamin Rush, a leader in the Black community in Philadelphia, convinced Jones and Allen, and the mayor, that leaving Blacks behind to aid in the care of those ill was a good idea. Taylor writes that even black prisoners were released to help the relief effort; "two-thirds" of the freed blacks volunteered to be nurses and all-told, about "three hundred blacks participated…" (Taylor, 2009, p
Joseph of Philadelphia, was aware that while tending to wounded soldiers aboard a hospital ship, the nuns under her supervision would not have full access to mass. Hence, on April 19, 1862, she penned the following orders: "Make your medication in the morning after your prayers and be not troubled if you can say no other prayers of the community, not even if you are deprived of mass on Sundays" (Wall, 2007, p
Certainly the nurses and women tending to the sick in 1837 did not have "3-in-1" oil or WD-40, but they understood how annoying a squeaky door can be; hence on page 10 Child suggests having "hinges and locks oiled." Why 19th Century Women -- in Many Instances -- were Revered Barbara Welter presents narrative in the book Locating American Studies: The Evolution of a Discipline that a 19th century woman was judged by four "cardinal virtues" -- "piety, purity, submissiveness and domesticity" (Welter, 1999, p
Avowing the rights of states to determine their own laws meant that Southern states could continue the program of slavery and could also avoid sharing the economic spoils of the plantation economy with the northern states. Thus, the south viewed federal policies as signifying "the subjugation of the South and denial of its claims to independence," (Stromberg, p
." (Maeroff, 1982) In response to these budget cuts, the university's faculty and Board of Curators attacked both Bunn and his solution