Basically, the hypothesis postulates that CVDs in later life could be a direct consequence of small birth size. Here, poor maternal nutrition and other intrauterine influence considered adverse informs the development of a number of birth size deformities including a smaller head circumference or low weight at birth (Reddy and Yusuf 1998)
). N-3 Fatty Acids and CVD Increased consumption of N-3 fatty acids, mainly from fish, could reduce coronary artery disease, several studies said (Erkkila et al
). Garlic Does Not Lower Cholesterol Level Christopher Gardner, a nutrition scientist at the Stanford Prevention Research Center, reported this finding (Feder 2007)
Patients must be educated on the importance of following their medical regimens and doctor's orders (Perspectives in Health). Organic Pollutants Cause CVD Studies showed that exposure to persistent organic pollutants or POPs can be another cause of CVD (Ha et al
It only seems to lower blood pressure (Feder). Poor-Quality Nutrition and CVD Low income among ethnic populations accounts for a high level of CVD risk because of poor-quality diet (Jilcott et al
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys in 1999-2000 and 2001-2002 with 889 participants (Perspectives in Health). CVD-Depression Link Medical experts predicted that ischemic heart and cerebrovascular diseases would be the leading causes of death in the world (Kamphuis e al 2007)
The other inclusion criteria were an MI event before the age of 60 for one sibling (index case) and at least one other sibling suffering an MI or severe CAD event before 70 years of age. The primary differences between index cases and siblings uncovered by this study were index cases experienced their first event at a much younger age than their sibling(s) and were more often male (Fischer et al
Genetic Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease Family History of Cardiovascular Disease The term cardiovascular disease (CVD) is frequently used interchangeably with 'heart disease', but for some medical professionals, the term CVD is used to describe only those medical conditions that lead to the narrowing or blocking of blood vessels (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2012). For others, the term CVD encompasses a number of medical conditions affecting the health of all aspects of the cardiovascular system, including blood vessels, the heart, and the autonomic circuits regulating heart rhythm (Kathiresan and Srivastava, 2012)
The Epidemiology of Heritable CVD Risk Factors When CVD is defined as including CAD, cardiac insufficiency, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and ischemic attacks, the overall prevalence of CVD events is 6.54 per 1000 person years for a Boston area community (Murabito et al
For others, the term CVD encompasses a number of medical conditions affecting the health of all aspects of the cardiovascular system, including blood vessels, the heart, and the autonomic circuits regulating heart rhythm (Kathiresan and Srivastava, 2012). Other terms used interchangeably with CVD include coronary artery disease (CAD) and coronary heart disease (Superko, Roberts, Garret, Pendyla, and King III, 2010; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 2011)
The other major risk factors that are not modifiable are age and being male. Environmental risk factors are believed to be sufficient for explaining close to 80% of CVD prevalence, which suggests heritable factors explain the remaining 20% (Thanassoulis and Vasan, 2010)
agencies and organizations, including the CDC, National Institutes of Health, American Heart Association, American Stroke Association, and the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (CDC, 2010). Prevention strategies are at the forefront of CVD health policy, because medical interventions that treat CVD risk have cut the number of deaths due to this disease in half over the past 30 years (Viera and Sheridan, 2010)
Studies have found that heavy job demand, and low control, or decreased decision latitude lead to job dissatisfaction, mental strain, and cardiovascular disease. (Israel et al
Results from the Cornell worksite study indicate a relationship of job strain to: hypertension (defined from casual blood pressure readings taken on two separate occasions), ambulatory blood pressure at work, home, and sleep, enlargement of the heart, and three-year changes in ambulatory blood pressure. While it was determined that physical activity was generally protective of CVD, and overall physical activity at work (self-reported) was controlled for in many of the job strain-CVD studies (Ivancevich and Matteson, 1988)
This depression finds a direct link to job stress. Assuming that one of the drawbacks of emotional stress from job related problems was CVD, Lazarus (Lazarus, 1991) proposed an intervention with three primary strategies for reducing work-related stress: Alter the working conditions so that they are less stressful or more conducive to effective coping
Intervention strategies could include individual counseling services for employees, Employee Assistance Programs, or specialized stress management programs. (Long, 1989) Identify the stressful relationship between the individual or group and the work setting
At a personal level, work stressors are related to depression, anxiety, general mental distress symptoms, heart disease, ulcers, and chronic pain. (Sauter and Hurrell, 1999) Any exploration of the relationship between work conditions and personal health must account for sex, age, race, income, education, marital and parental status, personality, and coping methods
An important component of the health enhancement is the creation of a healthier work environment -- in which respect, support, security, safety, opportunities for learning, skill development and the exercise of control in meeting challenges are provided. (Schnall, 2002) The effectiveness of interventions to improve work organization and job design, reduce job stress, and create a more healthy work organization have been documented
An important component of the health enhancement is the creation of a healthier work environment -- in which respect, support, security, safety, opportunities for learning, skill development and the exercise of control in meeting challenges are provided. (Schnall, 2002) The effectiveness of interventions to improve work organization and job design, reduce job stress, and create a more healthy work organization have been documented
SIPSO emphasizes perception of the patient and includes assessment of the quality of activities and interaction. (Trigg, Wood and Langton, 1999) major study at Cornell University was undertaken to study the biological mechanisms associated with job strain on blood pressure and consequently on CVD