In addition, texting is helpful in business in delivering financial information, stocks, commodities, etc. (Crystal 2009)
g. cam to cam) requires that one be organized, but able to perform impromptu in business, much as if one were popping in to another person's cubicle (Davis and Weinstein, 2005)
it, like many things in the modern world, is instantaneous, satisfying the 21st century need to have both dependence and independence based on our own decision or whim. Therein lies the confusion for many -- just how real is an electronic friendship that can exist without really "knowing" the person physically? How robust are virtual relationships except in the mind of those participating? and, how do we know with whom we are actually chatting or forming a bond -- could the mother of three living in Scotland be something quite different on the Internet? (Haythornthwaite, 2005)
One will also need to decide if one is going to adopt the shorthand English, or retain business English in communicating through text and/or instant messaging. There are both positives and negatives to both -- and it depends if one is able to switch gears and understand that there are certain times that it is appropriate to use non-standard English, and other times that it is crucial in the business world to use precise, formal, business English (Jaderstrom and Miller, 2006)
Indeed, the use of these electronic tools has likely done more to democratize and allow for transparency in the business world that at any other time in history. Certainly, interdepartmental policy can mitigate the manner in which these tools are allowed in the office; but who really has time to monitor email and IM in the course of the day, particularly when management is also receiving the same amount? We cannot change the evolution (and possible truncation) of language, but we can hold to standards of proper spelling and clear, concise writing that is appropriate for the message and audience intended (Jones & Alexander, 2000)
Rather, one needs to realize, the 5-paragraph theme rule still applies: topic -- back up sentences (paragraphs) and robust conclusion. Just because it is email does not mean it should deteriorate into conversational slang, poor spelling, and lack of professional tone and timbre (Schiffman, 2007, Chapter 2)
Email has literally changed the way business works, but it is important to note that because it can be archived, read by others, and is potentially not neutral; more care may be given to it as a tool in order to assist in productivity, not hinder. Indeed, most current estimates show that for every 8-hour managerial shift and above, 2 hours is taken up just getting through email (Smallwood, 2008)
). Texting systems can also advise customers of billing dude dates, promotions, and other messages more easily converted to text than left as voice mail (Trosby 2004)
Speak clearly, do not mumble, do not hide behind a microphone or prop, but instead, look directly into the camber and, if at all possible, pretend that the person(s) in the same room so that you can be clear and precise. If possible, mimic your verbal presentation with graphics to accentuate your points (Wilcox, 2000)
This can be common within English speaking countries and firms, in business relationships between different countries and firms and even in non-English speaking countries and firms, but where English is a popular language. In a world of globalization and incremental international business operations, business English gains more and more popularity and the need for it within the personal and corporate domains exponentially increased (Guffey, 2008)
Globalization implies the opening of local and nationalistic perspectives to a broader outlook of an interconnected and interdependent world with free transfer of capital, goods, and services across national frontiers" (Business Dictionary). "Globalization is a process that encompasses the causes, course, and consequences of transnational and transcultural integration of human and non-human activities" (Al-Rodhan and Stoudmann, 2006)
In practice, TESOL is often used as synonymous with TESL or TEFL, where the acronyms stand for Teaching English as a Second Language and Teaching English as a Foreign Language. TESOL has however become more popular than these two concepts since its focus is that of language development for the students, without the differentiation of the English language as a second language or as a language taught to people speaking foreign languages (Beare)
It could as such be argued that this side of globalization only propagates poverty at both ends of the outsourcing deals, with the single gains being registered by the profits generated by the owners of the multinational corporations, in exchange for a high social cost. On a different however, it is often argued that outsourcing promotes economic integration and the convergence to the same economic goals of the nations, generating as such numerous benefits (Bragg, 2011)
In such a context then, globalization has been assimilated with a process by which economic, political and cultural integration have been initiated by the Western states, in a wider process of Westernization. In some extreme cases, the process of Westernization has been strictly pegged to the United States of America and the term of Americanization has even been coined; a specific application of Americanization is represented by McDonalization (Kumaravadivelu, 2008, p
The concept of the comparative advantages was first coined by economist David Ricardo (1772 -- 1823) and it stated that each country possessed a comparative advantage, normally an upper hand in the production of a specific good. According to Ricardo's theory, the states should produce those goods and items for which they possessed the comparative advantage and then have them exchanged within the international market for items they could only produce in more challenging conditions (Maneschi, 1998, p
Sue Wharton and Philip Race (1999) for instance approach the issue from a practical and constructive standpoint and they offer teachers of English numerous advices on how to deal with the challenges of the profession. Among these, the following are worthy of mention: The exploration of the learning processes The assessment of the language needs of the students The planning and preparation of the courses The choice for the course book The preparation and design of the materials The means to dealing with mature learners The mechanisms of imposing order and discipline within the classroom The creation and issuing of feedback questionnaires The usage of additional language teaching tools, such as literature, games or role playing The evaluation of the student progress and the offering of objective feedback The competition of the logistics considerations, such as the location of the classroom, the potential need for student transportation and so on (Wharton and Race, 1999)