As explained by Matusitz and Leanza (2009), globalization "has the capacity to enchance scholarly understanding of globalization with reference to global agency and cultural differentiation." Further, "not only is China a nation where Wal-Mart had to globalize the most, China is also the fastest growing market in the world" (Matusitz & Leanza, 2009)
One factor is the issue of control. One study on the subject, as authored by Pangarkar and Klein (2004) theorize that "the exercise of control increases the performance of international joint ventures only when the transaction costs are high and when there are large differences between partners and no prior business relationships" (Pangarkar & Klein, 2004)
The study made use of a LISREL analysis and the overall results seemed to support the hypothesis posed by Wong. Wong found that "trust in management is found to have a significant effect on employees' turnover intention, whereas trust in supervisor is found to have a significant effect on employees' organizational citizenship behavior" (Wong, 2012)
Strategic orientation can have a lot to do with things like technology use and customer interaction strategies. These are drivers of how competitive a business is a well (Xiaoyun, Xin & Zheng, 2014)
Where, those children who are abused by their parents will more than likely abuse their children. (Havelin, 2007) This is especially troubling when you consider the fact that 5
As the ethics of a leader become the new norm for conduct in the organizations they manage (Brown, Trevino, 595) it is clearly a critical issue for every organization to consider and continually evaluate. Ethics of leaders permeate organizational structures and cultures over time, redefining ethical boundaries over years of decisions made to a certain ethical level, in effect modeling the culture to their own ethical standards (Mayer, Kuenzi, Greenbaum, Bardes, Salvador, 108)
Ethical Leadership in Business The foundation of any successful enterprise over the long-term is the ability to continually sustain and grow trust in the vision, mission, objectives and strategies of its leaders. To the extent a leader is ethically solid and makes decisions that take into account the entire organizations' well-being is the extent to which they maintain a high level of ethical standards in their organizational cultures (Toor, Ofori, 533)
In addition, their role in the overall market of the region or nation of interest, reputation, customer service record, level of influence with the government, and potential to open entirely new markets also must be considered. Previous experiences with managing international relationships, roles of their senior management team earlier in their careers in managing global alliances, and track record with equity and non-equity forms of expansion all need to be considered (Hipkin, Naude, 63, 64)
The depth of knowledge is this specific area of a foreign market is critically important to thoroughly understanding and making full use of the bases of comparison. The five bases of comparison need to include a relative risk assessment, availability of infrastructure and technologies, scope of innovation (Jamali, Yianni, Abdallah, 375), government policies and programs that enable both localized and global business development including FDI policies (Lin, Tao, 50) and long-term viability of the market segments and audiences served
WalMart concentrates on how effectively they can build a local supply chain, how the local infrastructure can support the information systems and logistics processes they rely on, and how available the skills they need are in the workforce. WalMart also considers the role of local Chinese entrepreneurs from the standpoint of investing in their long-term growth as part of the regional and global WalMart supplier network as well (Lin, Tao, 64)
Third, the firm would develop several options for the customer -- which are also viable for the company; this ensures that the customer is aware of the willingness of the company and also allows the client to select an option that is most suitable for them. Last, upon the encounter of difficult situations, or when this is deemed necessary, the company could solicit or accept the participation of tertiary parties in the negotiation process (Roberts)
It has been over a century, but negative gender stereotypes are still an issue that plagues the careers of many women. Gender discrimination is a global phenomenon and there are few effective steps taken in order to solve this problem (Kline, 2005)
Gender Discrimination in the Recruitment Process Gender discrimination in a human resource context refers to the factoring of an individual's gender in the decision-making process of recruitment, selection, appraisal and compensation. It is commonplace in both Asian and Western societies for men to be chosen for more lucrative designations and higher salaries than women (Atkinson, 1997)
Conversely, there are many cases which point towards reverse discrimination, with men complaining that the women in their firm receive greater favours and are treated more leniently -- a phenomenon perhaps in line with their stereotypical role as the "fairer sex." Over the years, there have been various laws and regulations internationally that govern the rights of an individual within a business (Warneryd, 1994)
Organisations are responsible if their methodologies of testing and screening in recruitment are found to be discriminatory or if application forms regarding the employment seek information which is meant to screen for gender preference. A strong indicator that a company engages in a gender discriminatory practices can be derived from a comparison of recruited personnel and their qualifications (Oliverio, 1999)
" There are two main classes of sexual harassment found in the workplace today, given different names in different cultures according to their laws and regulations. The first form of sexual harassment is the this-for-that exchange in which higher ranking managers offers their opposite sexed employee of lower rank a benefit such as a promotion or a rise in designation, authority or salary, or even threats to disassociate with the current benefits, upcoming benefits or disassociate with the job completely unless sexual favors are provided to the higher rank official (Hoffman, 1990)
It happens when a personnel or a group of personnel of the firm repeatedly and routinely make inappropriate comments, gestures, noises as well as making undesired sexual advancement or using sex in such a degree and manner that the overall actions disturbs the target personnel's abilities to perform her routine tasks, feels highly and thoroughly intimidated or, in some cases, threatened in the working environment. Laws, rules and regulations imposed by governments throughout the world assist in protecting the rights of employees (Williams, 1992)
"It is a practice which deeply affects the image of the company as new personnel who want to apply for job would look at this factor with a close eye and judge the organization greatly from this point-of-view." (Sims, 2003)
Measures to End Discrimination There are many methods by which employees of any organization can stop gender discrimination or any forms of it from happening at all from the first instance at the workplace, some of these steps are as follows: "The personnel of any department of any organization should adopt the policy of zero tolerance at any sort of action which is considered as discrimination." (Costa, 1998)
Kantian model of ethical evaluation "The Kantian model of ethical evaluation teaches us that in any sort of environment, either official or any other, we mush prohibit from certain types of actions." (Baron, 1995)