Virtually all bioterrorists seek to keep their use of biological agents a secret, because in many instances success depended on the lack of appreciation that a disease outbreak was intentional. A bioterrorist can include any non-state actor who uses or threatens to use biological agents on behalf of a political, religious, ecological, or other ideological cause without reference to its moral or political justice (W. Seth Carus, 1998)
These nurses could later offer nursing and hygienic awareness in the community. However, lack of basic hygienic procedures both in domestic and public health facilities where disposal of waste can could contribute to the exposure to bioterrorist components if the State doesn't handled these materials with a lot of preparedness (Eric K. Noji
These nurses could later offer nursing and hygienic awareness in the community. However, lack of basic hygienic procedures both in domestic and public health facilities where disposal of waste can could contribute to the exposure to bioterrorist components if the State doesn't handled these materials with a lot of preparedness (Eric K. Noji
Therefore, as health care and public health institutions develop bioterrorism readiness plans, nurses have shown minimal involvement in the planning for its future eventuality. The concerns and needs of nurses should be reflected in bioterrorism readiness plans in the United States to provide safe working conditions and to address psychological and motional health issues (Molly Secor-Turner, MS, RN, PHN, and Carol O'Boyle, 2002)
There are varying acts of bioterrorism ranging from a hoax to actual use of these biological weapons or agents. Of late, a very significant number of countries are pursuing the ownership or possession of biological weapons and there is a growing concern among many nations that there is a possibility of terrorist groups having access to the weapons or the knowledge of making such weapons and using term to kill an individual or a population (Daniel J. Dire, 2011)
Even though there was lack of funds, the money set aside for the national emergency could not be used as it was not declared a state of emergency. The criminal investigation authorities and the public health community never seemed to agree on a particular course of action further hampering the response (Erin C. Hoffman, 2010)
Since then, there is adequate information on the internet for the public on the measures that the government is taking on the issue. As much as the government is taking considerable measures in the fight against bioterrorism, it is imperative that there is tightening of the policies and an increase in the personal security of everyone (Borrelli 2007)
The public health departments have a massive role in the fight against bioterrorism. For one, the departments should identify all possible scenarios of cases that are likely to occur in the society (Crosse 2003)
The local government can strengthen the ICT area. It is essential that the local departments have the ability to communicate well and effectively through modern technology (Evans & Lawrence 2006)
This is the reason why this duty is delegated to the local government. It is this branch, which has the biggest role in the offering of security to the people of America (Mellehovitch 2004)
It was only after the fateful September 11 attacks over a decade away that shook the faith and created the one notion in the minds of Americans that this was real. A month later, a case of a man suffering from inhalational anthrax was trending (Rokach et al
The use or threat of chemical and biological weapons is deeply rooted in the history of warfare. Due to the experiences on the battlefields in the Western Front in World War I that resulted in thousands of deaths and the written descriptions of the effects of the agents, the concern is even greater (Douglass x)
Effective communication with the public through the news media is essential to limit the terrorists' ability to induce public panic and disrupt daily life. The Emergency Response and Research Institute (HERI) in Chicago has maintained for years that local fire, police and emergency services are not prepared collectively for a biological or chemical attack (Gay 54)
An older man in one of the subway cars soon died. A few who helped clean up the mess were also fatalities (Levine 8)
" Georges Benjamin, previous director of the Maryland Department of Health and also president of the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, noted in October 2001, just weeks after the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, that "in a field where communication can save a life, some state health departments did not have an effective e-mail communication system with their local and county departments." The Atlanta Journal and Constitution, citing Benjamin, reported that "public health officials have been warning for years that the [public health] system is antiquated" (Markowitz)
But these final samples were not destroyed at that time, and now secret stockpiles of smallpox surely exist. For example, since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the subsequent end of its biological weapons program, a sizeable amount of the former Soviet Union's smallpox stockpile remains unaccounted for, leading to fears that the virus has fallen into the hands of nations or terrorist groups willing to use it as a weapon (Preston, 2002)
However, it is likely that a form of the plague that was used for a bioterrism incident would be significantly different from the naturally occurring form of the disease. One consensus study performed by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) found that an aerosolized plague weapon could cause fever, cough, chest pain, and hemoptysis with signs consistent with severe pneumonia 1 to 6 days after exposure; Rapid evolution of disease would occur in the 2 to 4 days after symptom onset and would lead to septic shock with high mortality without early treatment and prophylaxis with streptomycin or gentamicin or the tetracycline or fluoroquinolone classes of antimicrobials would be advised (Inglesby, 2000)
Your scenario should include characteristics that are more indicative of an intentional outbreak than a natural outbreak. Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of plague, an enzootic vectorborne disease usually infecting rodents (rats) and fleas and humans can become infected after being bitten by fleas that have fed on infected rodents; in humans, the disease usually occurs in the form of bubonic plague (Riedel, 2005)
However, with funding always a factor the end-user and manufacturers must be able to identify which of these technologies, if not both, will best address the detection needs." (Farr, 2004) Farr goes on to state that understanding this type of equipment requires that the "threat be understood
" Reutter's thesis is that today's potential uses of chemical weapons have changed dramatically since the compounds were first developed, and that scientific analysis of the materials and their toxicological effects must change to accommodate those contemporary scenarios." (Hood, 1999) Reutter is noted as having stated: "