Nutrition Bariatric Surgery and Nutritional Consequences The prevalence of obesity is on its way up and is often associated with a number of co-morbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, sleep apnea, pulmonary dysfunction, ischemic stroke, knee arthrosis, gallbladder disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and certain types of cancer. Bariatric surgery has been shown to be the most successful long-term treatment for morbid obesity, reducing obesity-associated co-morbidities (De Luis et al
All of these side effects either lead to nutritional deficiencies or are consequences of such deficiencies. Bariatric surgeons have long wanted to find an operation that result in steady weigh loss that was simple, had only minimal risk and gave the patients the freedom to consume most foods in order to maintain nutritional sufficiency (Vassallo et al
Clearly, obesity derives from polygenic determinants. Biochemical, endocrinological, neural processes as well as fat cell morphology work in concert with psychological, social and cultural influences, contributing to obesity (Baum 2008)
A standard guideline for when this surgery should be preformed on adults is only when patients are severely obese or their BMI greater than 40 or when they have a BMI greater than 35 together with severe obesity-related health complications. (Caprio 2006) it must be noted that any major surgery also runs the risk of complication as well as death and should not be taken into lightly
Providing an anti-obesity drug to overweight patients with diabetes has been estimated to cost $8,327. Certain studies have indicated that there may be available a variety of cost-effective anti-obesity interventions (Cawley 2006: 74)
Pseudotumor cerebri may be difficult to treat and can call for aggressive weight-loss therapy, and actually require bariatric surgery. (Daniels 2006) Methods & Materials This study will attempt to create a rat model of adjustable gastric banding
Flum attributes the high complication rate, in part, to inexperienced surgeons who are eager to add the lucrative but demanding surgery to their repertoire. (Deyo and Patrick 2005:223) Estimates for the various bariatric surgeries for the severely obese costs between $5,400 and $16,100 for women and $10,700 to $35,600 for men
At this current time Laparoscopic-adjustable silicone gastric banding (LASGB) is the most common bariatric procedure worldwide. "Along with a significant weight loss and changes in eating behaviour, LASGB has also been proven as an effective surgical procedure in improving obesity-related comorbidities" (Di Somma, et
Gastric banding is certainly one that we can learn much from the rat's reactions as compared to the human nervous system. (Fairburn
Certain studies have indicated that there may be available a variety of cost-effective anti-obesity interventions (Cawley 2006: 74). Furthermore, extreme obesity usual requires a multi-dsici0plamnry approach and more than surgery is often required to complete the process (Folope, et
"Stomach stapling" is often the lay term for the most common of these procedures, but "lap banding" is also quickly gaining popularity. (Hall 2003) Gastric banding (see figure 1), also known as lap band surgery, makes use of an inflatable silicone band to cut off a section of the stomach thereby leaving an very small pouch almost a quarter of the original size
The patient usually discovers that if he or she does not follow those guideline discomfort and vomiting will result (Kral 2001). Generally, patients will accomplish peak weight loss of 44% to 68% of excess weight over a two to three-year period of time (Kaser, & Kukla 2009; Scheen 2001)
The patient is required to eat very small meals, chew food thoroughly, and eat slowly. The patient usually discovers that if he or she does not follow those guideline discomfort and vomiting will result (Kral 2001)
(Halmi, Long, Stunkard & Mason 1980: 471) However, the consequences are understood and well documented, particularly for the "morbidly" obese that are by definition more than twice their ideal body weight for height and sex or at least 100 lbs. overweight. (Lin, Smith, Fawkes, Robinson and Chaplin 2007)
(Hall 2003) Gastric banding (see figure 1), also known as lap band surgery, makes use of an inflatable silicone band to cut off a section of the stomach thereby leaving an very small pouch almost a quarter of the original size. (Mcgowan
Various treatment approaches have been utilized such as: nutritional guidance and diet planning, protein-sparing liquid diets and other forms of fasting, pharmacological interventions with amphetamine or other anorectic drugs and exercise programs. Psychotherapy and behaviour modification have produced mixed results (Parry 2006)
(Fairburn and Brownell 2002:23) Furthermore, the comorbid related traits to obesity have also been observed in rats. For instance, other studies have found that intermittent hypoxia induces a persistent increase in diurnal blood pressure (Robinson and Grunstein 2001)
A great deal of the current research suggests that if the psychological matrix of eating disorder can be recognized prior to bariatric surgery, the patient will have a greater chance of long-term success. (Toth and Schwartz 2006) However, some complications can occur with blockage of the band and unfortunately the reservoir implanted beneath the skin doesn't last forever
(Mcgowan and Chopra 2004:21) This type of surgery does illicit extremely predictable and repeatable results. "The average weight loss in clinical practice after 2 years for adjustable gastric banding (GB) is 20%, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is 30% and biliopancreatic diversion or duodenal switch (BPD) is 35%" (Vincent & le Roux 2008: 174)
This aims at enhancing the attitude of the medical students in relation to the concepts of obesity and bariatric surgery. One of the critical studies relating to this proposal is the integration of the pilot program with the aim of addressing unmet need through longitudinal relationships with bariatric surgery patients (David H. et al., 2011)