In addition, prohibition was supported by the majority of Progressive movement members. (Timberlake, 1970, paraphrased) The art teacher during the 1920s is reported to have been "contrarily imbued with the ph8ilosophy that creative work called for considerable freedom on the part of the individual
(Timberlake, 1970, paraphrased) The art teacher during the 1920s is reported to have been "contrarily imbued with the ph8ilosophy that creative work called for considerable freedom on the part of the individual." (Logan, 1955) The students were allowed creative freedom
To some extent changes in art education were a recreation against vocationalism and the increasingly fragmented, alienating conditions of industrial labor." (Amburgy, 1990) The Progressive educators sought to improve the working-class children's existence through decorating the classroom and studying work of master art
Expressionism pervaded the arts of the time -- in the dance of Isadora Duncan and Martha Graham, the painting of Max Weber and John Marin, and the photography of Alfred Steiglitz." (Efland, 1990, p
Bauhaus After World War I, the nation state of Germany under the direction of architect Walter Gropius created a "consulting art center for industry and the trades" (Bayer 12)
Like the Bauhaus, Black Mountain College was a center for cultural production. The guiding principle was "that a strong liberal and fine arts education must happen simultaneously inside and outside the classroom" (Dawson)
In 1923, for example, the Bauhaus held "Art and Technics: A New Unity," a huge exhibition of art and objects in Bauhaus buildings or the newly built model house. Although the international reaction was very positive, local critics were hostile (Etlin 291)
" However, in earlier "vital epochs," the artist enriched all the community's arts and crafts because he had a part in its vocational life and gained through practice "as much adeptness and understanding as any other artist who began at the bottom and worked his way up." (Harrison & Wood 339)
" Bauhaus avoided concentration on any stylistic approach to break down earlier preconceptions and biases. As a result, "The Bauhaus did more than any other organization, either in the nineteenth or twentieth centuries to reconcile man and his man-made environment" (Naylor 7)
Where the faculty are a separate world the students continue their high-school habit of avoiding study, boasting of idleness, and the like; at Black Mountain, on the other hand, diligence is de rigueur." (Reynolds) There were about 1,000 alumni of Black Mountain and several hundred former faculty members
Even Egyptian writing was based on drawings -- pictographs that stood for words. This approach, of working art into the rest of the school's curriculum, could be greatly enhanced by making use of Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences (Gardner, 1995)