My own investigation into the definition of clinical death, for example, yielded no such clear-cut answers as the ones you provide in an attempt to assert that the fetus should be considered alive at eighteen days (when the heart starts beating) or at the most approximately forty days (when brain wave activity is detectable). Instead, the most comprehensive medical article I could find noted a long-running controversy about the definition of death, and states that it has generally been defined in medical circles as the cessation or irreversible degradation of all vital functions, including brain function, and a philosophical investigation of the topic agreed with this level of controversy (Bernat, 23-24; DeGrazia)
Biblical Arguments Against Abortion I should be forthright and tell you that I do not believe the Bible or any other religious text should be the basis for current laws or practices, nor should any system of morality be imposed on a democratic country or population. While the opposition to religion in government during the founding of this country is not as clear-cut as come would like to insist, it is very much the case that it was deemed inappropriate to require anyone to adhere to a certain text or system of beliefs as a prerequisite for remaining lawful (Levy, 79-93)
Thus most of the spending is an offensive and immoral act. Missile defense systems built at a cost of about $200 million have produced failure in tests (William, 2014)
It means that some characteristics are virtues. Individuals with these virtues are moral and their actions only reflect their inner morality (MacKinnon, 2012)
Negative attitudes could result in the lack of trust in a relationship. This trait is mostly established via parental training or from peer groups (Vaughn, 2013)
Yet, this view often spurs the misconception that the Democrats are essentially failing to provide the success they had previously promised voters. Here, the Republican voice suggests that "a Democratic majority in the Senate has led our country in the wrong direction -- to unprecedented budget deficits, an exploding national debt and rising gas prices, while failing to address the tragedy of never-ending unemployment and declining housing values," (Brock et al
Rogerian Argument Against Bipartisan Squabbling "Our Founding Fathers intended no parties when they created this institution," yet the current political environment is plagued by bipartisan squabbles and discontent (Dingell 2011)
The sheer volume of male heroes bears witness to this unfortunate lesson. Even on a show as seemingly egalitarian as "Sesame Street," all the important characters, such as Big Bird, Oscar the Grouch, and the Cookie Monster, are male (Pollitt 300)
Before addressing the contemporary state of zoos in regards to animal welfare, it will be useful to first consider the history of zoos in general, because this historical context will help demonstrate how zoos have always represented a balance between conservancy and entertainment, even as this balance has shifted dramatically in recent decades. The earliest recording of something like a zoo comes from wall sculptures found in the tomb "of Mereruka, son-in-law of Pharaoh Teti of the 6th Dynasty" of ancient Egypt, and date to roughly 2300 BC (Bostock 7)
Put another way, "a long life cannot be good if the zoo fails to provide fitting conditions," even as "on average, animals live much longer in zoos than in nature" (Wickins-Drazilova 28). This is why, for example, the argument that "elephants live better in captivity than in the wild with disease, drought, habitat loss, poaching, and conflicts with people" does not make a sufficient case for keeping these animals in zoos; just because elephants might live shorter lives in the wild, and occasionally die more violent deaths, this does not mean that the quality of their lives are necessarily worse than their captive counterparts (Cohn 714)
For example, one of the most oft-touted benefits of contemporary zoos is their breeding programs, which ostensibly exist in order "to conserve species and train future generations of conservationists," and the belief that animal welfare is represented by successful reproduction supports this notion (Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute 2012). While maintaining biological diversity and saving endangered species through breeding programs is undoubtedly a positive endeavor, it has also been ripe for exploitation, because "many zoos reproduced animals in large numbers in the name of protecting wild animal species but in fact they used them for dealing with other wild animal parks but not for protecting and expanding the species" (Cui & Jiang 137)
This is especially true because the rise of zoos produced a kind of side-industry, in which animal dealers could make a tidy profit importing animals from distant regions. These dealers would sell animals to zoos, but failing that, were able to sell to "circuses that were expanding their menageries and trained animal acts, private fanciers of animals and birds, the pet trade, and laboratories" (Hanson 73-74)
Most contemporary zoos "claim that having healthy, long-lived animals that reproduce is sufficient proof of good care," and indeed, the fact that Willie B. "soon adjusted to life in a social group, became a father, and evidently lived happily until his death in February 2000 at the age of forty-one" has been seen as justification for the ethical soundness of contemporary animal exhibits (Wickins-Drazilova 27, Hanson 1)
Peterson (1999) reports that at least two million children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder take Ritalin and other related drugs. The United Nations released a report in 1996 expressing concern over the discovery that 10% to 12% of all male school children in the United States currently take the drug, a rate far surpassing that in any other country in the world (Livingstone
Donna Jones tells the story of how her son was affected by Ritalin. According to her report (Peterson, 1999), "soon after her son started taking the medicine, she was concerned that he seemed dazed and disconnected from others
The power that college aged voters can have on an election is undeniable; especially since the data collected about Barrack Obama's election. In the 2012 state of the Union Address, President Obama spoke of education as a national mission; the president believes we are at a "make-or-break moment" for the middle class (Kanter, 2012)
"The real problem lies in the inequities at wealthy schools vs. lower income, Title 1 schools," says Peter Levine, Director of Research at CIRCLE, who has written a variety of books including: Reforming The Humanities and Engaging Young People in Civic Life (Reiss, 2012)
However, to make sustainable gains for the middle class, there has to be an escalation in civic participation. Citizen participation is at the heart of a functioning democracy (Verba, Schlozman, & Brady, 1197)
Organ Sale -- Opposition Argument Proponents of the legal sale of organs for transplant argue that adults of sound mind have an autonomous right to make the decision to sell their organs if they choose to. According to that view, there is no justification for interfering with their right to make decisions irrespective of the fact that those decisions may present serious risks and potential long-term negative consequences (Beauchamp & Childress, 2009)
Moreover, there is no other possible use of donor organs: they cannot be diluted and diverted from their intended recipients into a black market the way prescription drugs (for one example) can be misused and exploited purely for profit. Furthermore, there is a perpetual critical shortage of suitable donor organs available to the thousands of patients on recipient organ lists (Levine, 2008)