She cannot confirm the effectiveness on the basis of the number of arrests but guessed that it could take a decade to accurately measure and calculate the meaning (Martindale). Conclusion A recent study analyzed nine traffic policies in determining the effectiveness of alcohol-related fatality prevention (Chang et al
But whether these will solve the problem remains to be seen. Drunk driving is illegal because it increases the risk of accident (Daniels 2012)
). Super Drunk Laws in Lansing, Michigan An average of 6 drivers a day for more than 17 months since the laws went into effect have been convicted (Martindale 2012)
The law was intended to reduce the chances of the driver or a passenger drinking it during transport on account of its presence in the vehicle (Daniels). Body Drunk driving is a major police concern because alcohol increases the risk of traffic crashes, injuries and deaths (Scott et al
1). Who Is at Risk for Alcoholism? A peer-reviewed research article in the journal Alcohol Research & Health reports that there are biological "underpinnings" that lead to dependence on alcohol (Foroud, et al
Advances in Alcoholism Treatment Another article in the peer-reviewed journal Alcohol Research & Health reviews the various treatments for alcoholism, beginning with the formula established by Bill Wilson and Bob Smith in 1935 when the pair founded Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). The Wilson-Smith duo launched the 12 Step solution, based on the premise that "turning one's life and will over to a personally meaningful 'higher power' is the key to recovery" (Huebner, et al
S. And an estimated three quarters of all adults consume alcohol at some level, and 6% of those are alcoholics (Mogul, Google Feedback, 2011)
In the study referenced by Medline Plus, 196 men and women who were undergoing treatment -- which included detoxification -- for alcohol dependence provided some very interesting and relevant findings to the researchers. It was revealed that these many of these 196 patients treated for alcoholism were "likely" to have had one or more experiences with "abuse or neglect" (Preidt, 2012)
In the study referenced by Medline Plus, 196 men and women who were undergoing treatment -- which included detoxification -- for alcohol dependence provided some very interesting and relevant findings to the researchers. It was revealed that these many of these 196 patients treated for alcoholism were "likely" to have had one or more experiences with "abuse or neglect" (Preidt, 2012)
8% indicate they abuse alcohol and 12.5% believe they are alcohol dependent (Reinberg, 2007)
Alcohol dependence is one of the toughest disorders to beat and this is in part because of the physical addiction that develops. Certain researchers have been able to shed more light on this as a whole, studying how the intensity of withdrawal symptoms can increase after repeated episodes, as a result of the kindling process (Becker, 1998)
It is well established that people who become dependent on alcohol have a high mortality rate from suicide. The evidence is derived mainly from follow-up studies of clinically identified alcoholics and from retrospective studies of suicides" (Kendall, 1983)
Societal Concerns or Issues Related to the Topic Other specialists and the field have illuminated that alcohol often goes hand in hand with crime, thus illuminating how it not only heightens inhibitions, but can also contribute to lack of inhibitions, particularly the inhibitions of human behavior that generally keep people safe. Just as small amounts of alcohol create a sense of pleasure and well-being, too much can cause physical and mental tolerance and eventually impairment (Klein & Thorne, 2006)
The evidence is derived mainly from follow-up studies of clinically identified alcoholics and from retrospective studies of suicides" (Kendall, 1983). With time, other studies have managed to be more conclusive: alcohol consumption is strongly connected with suicide, even in those who had no earlier psychiatric history (Sher, 2006)
Many of the studies conducted suggest that trauma is often mitigated by the effects of alcohol or substance abuse, meaning that trauma victims often relay on substances including alcohol to lessen the anxiety, stress, emotional duress and depression that trauma can bring (Langeland, Van Den Brink and Draijer, 2002; Brown, 2001). There is evidence to also suggest that patients undergoing treatment for alcoholism are more likely to relapse if they have been victims of severe trauma or have been diagnosed with PTSD (Brown, 2001)
There is a large body of evidence which suggests that a quantitative approach to behavioral analysis and PTSD is appropriate (McKeehan & Martin, 2002; Weinstein, 1999). A majority of the studies that have been conducted related to PTSD and substance abuse are qualitatively based (Jaycox, Ebener, Damesex & Becker, 2004; Langeland, Van Den Brink and Draijer, 2002; Brown, 2001)
al, 2004). Many of the studies conducted suggest that trauma is often mitigated by the effects of alcohol or substance abuse, meaning that trauma victims often relay on substances including alcohol to lessen the anxiety, stress, emotional duress and depression that trauma can bring (Langeland, Van Den Brink and Draijer, 2002; Brown, 2001)
al, 2004). Many of the studies conducted suggest that trauma is often mitigated by the effects of alcohol or substance abuse, meaning that trauma victims often relay on substances including alcohol to lessen the anxiety, stress, emotional duress and depression that trauma can bring (Langeland, Van Den Brink and Draijer, 2002; Brown, 2001)
The researcher will then examine the association between PTSD and the co morbidity of alcoholism by investigating the role of trauma, next examine childhood influences and gender differentiation in patients with a dual diagnosis, then attempt to identify whether a relationship exists between PTSD, alcohol abuse and emotions/emotional disturbances and finally examine whether genetic factors and environmental factors influence the relationship between alcohol abuse and PTSD in patients. There is a large body of evidence which suggests that a quantitative approach to behavioral analysis and PTSD is appropriate (McKeehan & Martin, 2002; Weinstein, 1999)
al, 2002). The purpose of this research will be to examine the extent to which the interpretations of the results of the literature review follow the study and the extent to which the results may be generalized to the population at large (Shavelson, 1988)