The very "fabric of society" is being affected by such conditions, and especially by the HIV / AIDS pandemic; hence the importance of controlling these first. Proponents of general primary care programs note that the problem with an exclusive focus on major issues like HIV / AIDS is the fact that they often take account only of global infection and mortality figures, as mentioned above, without regard to the specific health concerns as presented on a local scale (Harzhem et al
A specifically important concern in this regard is equity, where all persons receive equal access to the healthcare that is necessary to optimize both their general health and to handle specific ailments they might be experiencing. A counter-argument, in favor of the singular focus on Aids, is observed mortality rates and the general health status of the population (Iluyemi 2010)
Rannan-Eliya (2010:59) warns that not meeting all the health goals of developing countries inclusively will necessarily lead to further impoverishment. Primary care should therefore not take a subordinate position to major health concerns, but should rather be based upon a local infrastructure that addresses the specific as well as general needs of the community (Murray 1999)
They were found to have "an unseen virus" with "a trace of an enzyme produced by retroviruses, the group of viruses that includes the HIVs. Without this enzyme, called reverse transcriptase, retroviruses cannot insert their genes into our cells' DNA and cause infection, and the subsequent destruction of the T-cells (Radetsky, 1993) This new virus showed scientists that the HIV virus could replicate quite quickly, although "HIV-1 and HIV-2" were still assumed to be the primary causes of AIDS, clearly other causes of AIDS like complaints were extant
This led to a fatal immune deficiency after an asymptomatic period that averaged ten years or so." (Thomas, Mullins, Johnson, 1994) Even as early as the 1980s, anomolies in AIDS patients were detected -- some patients fell ill quite quickly, others never did
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) the biggest risk factor associated with acquiring HIV is unprotected sex (WHO, 2014). Thus, the environment in the epidemiological triangle consists of these human bodily fluids and incubation period lasts from three to six months (Hiv & Long, 2012)
Community health nurses have been directly involved in the treatment of HIV from the very beginning. Prior to the development of antiretroviral therapy nurses were crucial in caring for patients in hospitals as well as being involved in home care (Maurer & Smith, 2012; Mukherjee & Eustache, 2007)
These roles for community health nurses continued with the development of treatments for HIV. Community healthcare nurses have been instrumental in providing community -- based adherence and intervention programs (Maurer & Smith, 2012); indentifying and reporting new cases of infection (Mukherjee & Eustache, 2007); collecting data and researching various issues associated with HIV infection such as fatigue, regional and national prevalence estimates, treatment efficacy, etc
Community healthcare nurses have been instrumental in providing community -- based adherence and intervention programs (Maurer & Smith, 2012); indentifying and reporting new cases of infection (Mukherjee & Eustache, 2007); collecting data and researching various issues associated with HIV infection such as fatigue, regional and national prevalence estimates, treatment efficacy, etc. (Maurer & Smith, 2012); continued involvement developing prevention and educational programs (Richter et al
Community health nurses also formed educational groups providing education to both the public and other nurses (Maurer & Smith, 2012). Nurses were crucial in developing case studies of infected patients, collecting data regarding treatment efficacy, and following up with patients regarding the symptomatology, treatment, and analyzing the epidemiological factors associated with HIV (Swider, 2002)
Understanding the Immune System: The immune system is basically a composition of special cells, tissues, organs and proteins which daily defends people against germs and microorganisms. In order to keep people healthy and prevent infections, the immune system attacks organisms and substances which invade the body systems through a series of steps called the immune response (Dowshen par, 2)
Strong antiretroviral drugs can allow the recovery of damaged immune systems which helps in fighting the opportunistic infections. AIDS is a situation that portrays an advanced state of HIV infection (R.N. par, 2)
Steroids encourage growth of new muscles tissues and increase the body strength. Anabolic steroids work in a simpler way as the testosterone and encourage development of male characteristic such as growth of testicle, thickened vocal cord, growth of hair, development of breasts, and loss of hair, impotency and reduced sperm count (Collins, 2003, 178)
The steroids improve the general performance of an individual but reduce he/her sporting life. Individual athletes should shun from engaging in all the restricted misconducts that might cost them their glories that they take too long to build; there have been instances where athletes lost their championships long after they had been declared winners (Gladwell, 2003, p
People who have at one time used steroids in their practices find it difficult to cope without using them. Anabolic steroids reduces carbolic effects that usually occur under intense training, thus the athlete will not shed their muscle tissues even if they train for long time (Goldberg, 1996, p
Some of the substances that are regarded as energy complements are sold as food supplements (health supplements). Sometimes sports personalities use these substances without their knowledge; they might buy food supplements that contain some of the prohibited substances and end up being ejected from sporting events (Mangi, 2002, p
People concur that steroids accelerates the metabolism and enables the athletes to perform much better than they can when they are not under the influence of the steroids. However, steroids have been tested and proven to be dangerous to the user's health; consequently use of the stimulus in the fields is abolished all over the world and those who still use the do so contrary to the regulations (Sailer & Stephen, 1999)
Most of the deaths that are linked to steroids use are suicide, liver infections, homicide, cancer and heart diseases. In the early days, steroids were common with the college peers, but with time it found its way into the sporting world when people realized that it could improve their results (Sherman, 2000, p
In order to make the program an effective one, project planning should also involve methods in which active participation will be elicited as the program progresses to its focal point -- informing the participants about responsible sexual behavior and HIV / AIDS infection among adolescents. In addition to addressing HIV / AIDS infection, it is also worthwhile to note that inextricably linked with this health concern is the prevalence of substance abuse and "suicidal ideation" among adolescents who practice irresponsible sexual behavior (Kurtz, 2005:S44)
Ensuring the program's efficacy and interactivity is not only dependent on parent-child and teacher interaction, but it is also dependent on the method used by the planner to bring forward the issue of HIV / AIDS infection and responsible sexual behavior. Among the most contemporary methods encouraged to be practiced in responsible sex behavior programs is the utilization of juvenile literature about HIV / AIDS prevention (Prater, 2001)