It was cleared to taxi to Runway 24L by Air Traffic Controller in the LAX tower. It was to move from gate 32 towards the runway passing through taxiways Kilo, 48, Tango, and 45, (Carroll, James
Checking the spot where SkyWest 5569 was waiting on the runway, from the control tower; ground controllers' system within the tower meant to inform local controller of the flight progress strips failed to support the workload of the local controllers. Also, once an aircraft was on the runway it was not supposed to have turned on their entire external lights until it has rolled for takeoff, (Kilroy, C
When air traffic personnel monitor airplane takeoffs and landing visually adds additional protection in reducing the risks of runway incursion. For example, when an aircraft taxi into position to hold within the runway intersections and the tower controller is not able to see them poses a threat to the safe airport operations (Malnic, Eric & Connell, Rich
S. aircraft currently, and each offers their own unique advantages for crash investigators (Office of Technology Assessment, United States Congress, 1988)
Another major tool that the NTSB uses in nearly every crash investigation is computer modeling (Learmount, 2009). This allows investigators to not only visually understand how the aircraft behaved but to predict, using computer models, exactly how an accident may have occurred and how the aircraft structures and technologies would have behaved during this time period (Faith, 1997)
These parameters include warnings, alarms, sensor information and actual in-flight aircraft behavior. Often, the information provided by these devices is unobtainable by any other means, and can help corroborate information given by crash witnesses or survivors (Kane, 2003)
Other Technology Besides the direct data and voice recorders contained within the aircraft, the NTSB also has many other technologies that aid in helping to understand the underlying causes of a crash and recreate the specific scenario that occurred before and during the crash itself. Another major tool that the NTSB uses in nearly every crash investigation is computer modeling (Learmount, 2009)
It can also help investigators understand the exact human reactions to the circumstances and situations involved just before and during a crash. This technology also allows air carriers and simulator trainers to help recreate the exact conditions before the crash in order to help train future crews in how to handle specific scenarios that may have led to a crash in the past (Wells and Rodrigues, 2004)
2, 1985, a Friday afternoon, television stations were in the midst of their newscasts when the flight from Fort Lauderdale, Fla., flew into a storm" (Dickson, 2010)
Despite "the lack of training cited by the NTSB, this crew really did a great job. There isn't much to wind shear escape other than applying max thrust and pitching for best climb" (Flannigan, 2010)
Initially, "United Flight 173, a DC-8 approaching Portland, Ore., with 181 passengers, circled near the airport for an hour as the crew tried in vain to sort out a landing gear problem" (Noland, 2012)
This form of analysis is common in many accident investigations that are investigating pilot errors or human judgment issues. They can even be used as tools to evaluate whether or not current training practices are sufficient or reliable when pilots have to use their training to avoid a crash (Anders, 2001)
These limitations include the fact that the simulator itself is not an exact model of the cockpit and surrounding areas as well as the fact that the simulator can be used to predict or give a "best guess" or hypothesis, but it cannot definitively give answers to some of the most troubling of questions surrounding air crashes. Another key limitation to full flight simulators is the fact that during stalls and upset flight attitudes, the gravitational forces and accompanying disorientation are not easily duplicated (Levin, 2010)
They often also help investigators successfully understand the sequence of malfunction or the manner and rate at which information is provided to the pilot. In this way, simulators are also excellent at evaluating time frames at which events occur (Tydeman, 2004)