Someone who knows that the manual has been published by a medical association might find it very surprising that the latest edition of this manual has a portion on 'Personality Disorders,' in which a few of the disorders have been defined completely in form of aberration from the moral norms. The question is if it is possible that in fact the cluster B personality disorders are moral instead of mental? Is their addition to the DSM merely a coincidence of 'medicalization of morals'? (Reimer, 2013)(Alarcon & Foulks, 1995) The formation of a cultural axis has been advocated by a few of the authors to be an independent factor when it comes to diagnosing these psychiatric condition generally as well as the personality disorder (PDs) specifically
Those who suffer from the antisocial personality disorder can benefit a lot from the antidepressants, mood stabilizer as well as antipsychotics. Problem solving on the basis of solution as well as motivational interviewing are some other forms of therapeutic interventions (Angstman & Rasmussen, 2011)
It is not surprising at all that the amounts of distinctive psychiatric diagnoses which are described by the DSM-IV are almost double as that of DSM-II (Pincus, 2004). Cause of the Illness In the light of this argument, the present diagnostic criteria for DSM, it is not possible to identify the Cluster B Personality Disorders without the proper use of moral notions and terms (Charland 2006, 119)
Personality and even more the personality disorder is anticipated to have an effect on an individual's functioning and in some of the cases this might actually result in others reacting to the individuals with personality disorder. Therefore, it is logical to expect the individuals with personality disorders to react to their medical illness, treatments and doctors in different manner (Douzenis, Tsopelas, & Tzeferakos, 2012)
The question is if it is possible that in fact the cluster B personality disorders are moral instead of mental? Is their addition to the DSM merely a coincidence of 'medicalization of morals'? (Reimer, 2013)(Alarcon & Foulks, 1995) The formation of a cultural axis has been advocated by a few of the authors to be an independent factor when it comes to diagnosing these psychiatric condition generally as well as the personality disorder (PDs) specifically. It is the powerful cultural influence regarding the idea of self-formation, its independence as well as the instant socio environmental happenings that their views are based upon psychopathology (Hallowell, 1934; Hamilton, 1971; Dohrenwend & Dohrenwend, 1974; Mezzich & Goode, 1994)
The article also presents biblical and cultural points-of-views regarding the disorder. Lastly, various viewpoints associated with the counter transference related to the treatment of the patients with these personality disorders have been addressed as well (Kraus & Reynolds, 2001)
Sadosky's ideas have been drawn upon by Nicolas Rasmussen (2006) and he has applied them to depression's history between the years of 1940s and 1950s, this was a time when psychoanalysis was at its top. It was suggested by him that the extended use of amphetamine as anti-depressant shows that there is a need to revise the categorical divide which exists between the psychoanalyst and their psychiatrist colleagues (Pickersgill, 2010)
In the DSM's original version there were many concepts and Emil Kraepelin's structure of mental disorders' classifications was used. In comparison to the previous revisions, a 'one disease-one diagnosis' model was used by the DSM-I and DSM-II according to which the clinician made use of the qualifying phases in order to try and assign one all-encompassing diagnosis like "with psychotic reaction" and "with neurotic reaction" (Pincus, 2004)
Cause of the Illness In the light of this argument, the present diagnostic criteria for DSM, it is not possible to identify the Cluster B Personality Disorders without the proper use of moral notions and terms (Charland 2006, 119). Therefore, these disorders are moral instead of mental (Reimer, 2013) The patients who suffer from the personality disorders have deep seated pathological patterns of behavior, thought and feeling which can be traced all the way back to early adulthood or adolescence
It approaches these phenomena in much the same way that the mathematician or the botanist studies his subject matter. (Hollingworth 8) There are other various standpoints and perspectives on abnormal behavior
For logical reasons of practicability, it is essential to generate an approximately uniform definition of abnormal psychology that we can more or less decide upon as a cluster of caregivers. This general definition would obviously be typical in its nature, but the shared definition of the subject of abnormal psychology habitually looks something like this: Abnormal psychology is the research of behavior designs that deviate widely from usually acknowledged norms, particularly those of a compulsive nature (Medved, M
Mindfulness is the aptitude to pay attention, non- negatively, to the current moment. Mindfulness is all about living in the moment, feeling one's emotions and senses fully, yet with viewpoint (OConnor, B
These standards have been established by clinical professionals in the field such as medical doctors, psychiatrists and psychologists. Behaviors considered to be abnormal are; schizophrenia, depression, attention deficit disorder, eating disorder, sexual deviance, obsessive compulsive disorder and anti-social disorder (Cherry, 2012)
Body fluids were considered to be under the influence of environmental factors like food and weather. These are what prompt behavior considered being out of the norm and hence providing a premise to abnormal psychology (Crawford, 2010)
It was during this time period that abnormal psychology began to unfold its roots within general human psychology. Greeks and Romans had identified and treated various psychological disorders including mania, dementia, delusions, and hallucinations (Comer 2006)
Today abnormal behavior is treated with various psychiatric strategies along with psychotropic medication regiments. Various cases are now categorized differently based on common patterns and outcomes of disorders, (Meyer et al
Abnormal Psychology: Theories, Issues, Diagnosis Abnormal psychology: Definitions of abnormality What is abnormal psychology? The concept of abnormal psychology implies a controversial question: what is normalcy? On the face of it, abnormality can be defined in a fairly narrow fashion, namely as a deviation from the statistical 'norm.' A good example of this is intelligence, namely that intelligence, as graphed upon a bell curve, suggests that most individuals have a certain range of IQ, as measured upon a test, while only a handful of abnormal individuals are extremely gifted or extremely intellectually challenged (Gilles-Thomas 1989, Lecture 1)
Abnormal Psychology: Theories, Issues, Diagnosis Abnormal psychology: Definitions of abnormality What is abnormal psychology? The concept of abnormal psychology implies a controversial question: what is normalcy? On the face of it, abnormality can be defined in a fairly narrow fashion, namely as a deviation from the statistical 'norm.' A good example of this is intelligence, namely that intelligence, as graphed upon a bell curve, suggests that most individuals have a certain range of IQ, as measured upon a test, while only a handful of abnormal individuals are extremely gifted or extremely intellectually challenged (Gilles-Thomas 1989, Lecture 1)
Addicts, in particular, exhibit stronger dopaminergic involvement in the reward loop and tend to experience greater corresponding increases in their subsequent need for continued dopaminergic stimulation than non-addicts, even after a single exposure to certain addictive substances (Dennet 1991). At the same time, addiction is also influenced by circumstances and behaviors: for one example, those addicted to nicotine often experience their greatest cravings when triggered by superficial associations between smoking and specific activities or circumstances with which smoking often coincided; for another example, many addicts experience relapse after exposure to some the ancillary activities with which they had previously associated with their illicit drug use, or in the case of alcoholics, social exposure to a barroom atmosphere (Brecher 1991)
Because identical twins share virtually the exact same genetic traits and inherent tendencies, situations where they are reared apart from birth have provided extremely valuable insight into the relative influence of biology and experience on individual behavior, including addictive tendencies. The evidence from twin studies suggests that genetic influence is profoundly important, but numerous studies also illustrate the degree to which specific genetic tendencies are still susceptible to external experiences that contribute to their degree of behavioral expression (Coleman, Butcher and Carson 1994)